Keywords: disinfectant, HIV progression, IgA immunity, immune response, macrophage oxidative metabolism, mucosal immune response, neutralization, seroconversion

Summary: By the end of this section, you will be able to: Explain the development of immunological competence Describe the mucosal immune response Discuss immune responses against bacterial, viral, fungal, and animal pathogens Describe different ways pathogens evade immune responses

Keywords: active immunity, antibody structure, central tolerance, class switching, clonal anergy, clonal deletion, Fc region, heavy chain, IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, IgM, immunoglobulin, light chain, passive immunity, peripheral tolerance, primary antibody response, secondary antibody response, T cell-dependent antigen, T cell-independent antigen

Summary: By the end of this section, you will be able to: Explain how B cells mature and how B cell tolerance develops Discuss how B cells are activated and differentiate into plasma cells Describe the structure of the antibody classes and their functions

Keywords: acquired immune deficiency syndrome, AIDS, autoimmune disease, autoimmune disorder, delayed hypersensitivity, HIV, human immunodeficiency virus, hypersensivity, immediate hypersensitivity, immune hypersensitivity, immunodeficiency, inherited immunodeficiency, lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, SCID, severe combined immunodeficiency disease, type II hypersensitivity, type III hypersensitivity

Summary: By the end of this section, you will be able to: Discuss inherited and acquired immunodeficiencies Explain the four types of hypersensitivity and how they differ Give an example of how autoimmune disease breaks tolerance

Keywords: adaptive immune response, afferent lymphatic, antibody, antigen, BALT, barrier defense, B cell, bone marrow, bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue, chyle, cisterna chyli, efferent lymphatic vessel, germinal center, hematopoietic system, high endothelial venule, immune system, immune system anatomy, innate immune response, lymph, lymphatic capillary, lymphatic system, lymphatic system anatomy, lymphatic trunk, lymph node, lymph node structure, lymphocyte, lymphoid nodule, MALT, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue, naïve lymphocyte, natural killer cell, NK, plasma cell, primary lymphoid organ, right lymphatic duct, secondary lymphoid organ, spleen, T cell, thoracic duct, thymus, tonsil

Summary: By the end of this section, you will be able to: Describe the structure and function of the lymphatic tissue (lymph fluid, vessels, ducts, and organs) Describe the structure and function of the primary and secondary lymphatic organs Discuss the cells of the immune system, how they function, and their ... lymphatic system [Expand Summary] By the end of this section, you will be able to: Describe the structure and function of the lymphatic tissue (lymph fluid, vessels, ducts, and organs) Describe the structure and function of the primary and secondary lymphatic organs Discuss the cells of the immune system, how they function, and their relationship with the lymphatic system [Collapse Summary]

Keywords: abdominal aorta, ACE, ADH, adrenal artery, adrenal vein, anaphylactic shock, angioblast, angiogenesis, angiotensin-converting enzyme, ANH, anterior cerebral artery, anterior communicating artery, anterior tibial artery, anterior tibial vein, antidiuretic hormone, aorta, aortic arch, aortic arch branch, aortic hiatus, aortic sinus, arcuate arch, arterial circle, arteriole, arteriosclerosis, arteriovenous anastomosis, artery, ascending aorta, atrial natriuretic hormone, atrial reflex, axillary artery, axillary vein, azygos vein, baroreceptor reflex, basilar artery, basilic vein, BCOP, blood colloidal osmotic pressure, blood flow, blood hydrostatic pressure, blood island, blood pressure, blood pressure measurement, blood vessel development, blood vessel function, blood vessel structure, blood viscosity, blood volume, brachial artery, brachial vein, brachiocephalic artery, brachiocephalic vein, bronchial artery, bronchial vein, bulk flow, capacitance, capacitance vessel, capillary, capillary bed, capillary exchange, capillary hydrostatic pressure, cardiac output, cardiogenic shock, cardiovascular circulation, carotid sinus, cavernous sinus, celiac trunk, cephalic vein, cerebrovascular accident, chemoreceptor reflex, CHP, circle of Willis, circulatory pathway, circulatory shock, circulatory system interaction, common carotid artery, common hepatic artery, common iliac artery, common iliac vein, compliance, continuous capillary, coronary circulation, CVA, cystic artery, deep femoral artery, deep femoral vein, descending aorta, diastolic pressure, digital artery, digital vein, dorsal arch, dorsalis pedis artery, dorsal venous arch, ductus arteriosus, ductus venosus, edema, elastic artery, endocrine regulation, EPO, erythropoietin, esophageal artery, esophageal vein, external carotid artery, external elastic membrane, external iliac artery, external iliac vein, external jugular vein, femoral artery, femoral circumflex vein, femoral vein, fenestrated capillary, fetal circulation, fetal shunt, fibular vein, filtration, foramen ovale, genicular artery, gonadal artery, gonadal vein, great cerebral vein, great saphenous vein, hemangioblast, hemiazygos vein, hemorrhage, hepatic artery proper, hepatic portal system, hepatic vein, hydrostatic pressure, hypertension, hypovolemia, hypovolemic shock, hypoxia, IFCOP, IFHP, inferior mesenteric artery, inferior phrenic artery, inferior vena cava, intercostal artery, intercostal vein, internal carotid artery, internal elastic lamina, internal elastic membrane, internal iliac artery, internal iliac vein, internal jugular vein, internal thoracic artery, internal thoracic vein, interstitial fluid colloidal osmotic pressure, interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure, ischemia, Korotkoff sound, lateral circumflex artery, lateral plantar artery, left gastric artery, lumbar artery, lumbar vein, lumen, MAP, maxillary vein, mean arterial pressure, medial plantar artery, median antebrachial vein, median cubital vein, median sacral artery, mediastinal artery, metarteriole, microcirculation, middle cerebral artery, middle sacral vein, muscular artery, myogenic response, nervi vasorum, net filtration pressure, neural regulation, neurogenic shock, NFP, obstructive shock, occipital sinus, ophthalmic artery, osmotic pressure, ovarian artery, ovarian vein, palmar arch, palmar venous arch, parietal branch, perfusion, perfusion autoregulation, pericardial artery, petrosal sinus, phrenic vein, plantar arch, plantar vein, plantar venous arch, popliteal artery, popliteal vein, posterior cerebral artery, posterior communicating artery, posterior tibial artery, posterior tibial vein, precapillary sphincter, pulmonary artery, pulmonary circuit, pulmonary circulation, pulmonary trunk, pulmonary vein, pulse, pulse point, pulse pressure, radial artery, radial vein, reabsorption, renal artery, renal vein, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism, resistance, respiratory pump, right gastric artery, sepsis, septic shock, shared structure, sigmoid sinus, sinusoid, sinusoid capillary, skeletal muscle pump, small saphenous vein, sphygmomanometer, splenic artery, straight sinus, subclavian artery, subclavian vein, subscapular vein, superior mesenteric artery, superior phrenic artery, superior sagittal sinus, superior vena cava, systemic artery, systemic blood pressure, systolic pressure, temporal vein, testicular artery, testicular vein, thoracic aorta, thoroughfare channel, thyrocervical artery, TIA, transient ischemic attack, transverse sinus, trunk, tunica adventitia, tunica externa, tunica interna, tunica intima, tunica media, ulnar artery, ulnar vein, umbilical artery, umbilical vein, varicose vein, vasa vasorum, vascular homeostasis, vascular shock, vascular shunt, vascular tone, vascular tube, vasoconstriction, vasodilation, vasomotion, vein, venous reserve, venous system, venule, vertebral artery, vertebral vein, vessel diameter, vessel length, visceral branch

Summary: By the end of this section, you will be able to: Compare and contrast the anatomical structure of arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins Accurately describe the forces that account for capillary exchange List the major factors affecting blood flow, blood pressure, and resistance Describe how blood flow, blood pressure ... after birth [Expand Summary] By the end of this section, you will be able to: Compare and contrast the anatomical structure of arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins Accurately describe the forces that account for capillary exchange List the major factors affecting blood flow, blood pressure, and resistance Describe how blood flow, blood pressure, and resistance interrelate Discuss how the neural and endocrine mechanisms maintain homeostasis within the blood vessels Describe the interaction of the cardiovascular system with other body systems Label the major blood vessels of the pulmonary and systemic circulations Identify and describe the hepatic portal system Describe the development of blood vessels and fetal circulation Compare fetal circulation to that of an individual after birth [Collapse Summary]