Keywords: history, stem cell, bioethics, agriculture, intellectual property, Lysenkoism

Summary: Science and technology of Republican China (1912-1949) often replicated the West in all hierar-chies. However, in 1949 when the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) declared the nation the Peo-ple's Republic of China, it had assumed Soviet pseudo-science, namely neo-Lamarckian and anti-Mendelian Lysenkoism, which led ... 3: 333-353. [Expand Summary] Science and technology of Republican China (1912-1949) often replicated the West in all hierar-chies. However, in 1949 when the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) declared the nation the Peo-ple's Republic of China, it had assumed Soviet pseudo-science, namely neo-Lamarckian and anti-Mendelian Lysenkoism, which led to intense propaganda campaigns that victimized intellectuals and natural scientists. Not until the 1956 Double Hundred Campaign had China engaging in meaningful exploration into modern genetics with advancements of Morgan. The CCP encour-aged discussions on the impact of Lysenkoism which cultivated guidelines to move science for-ward. However, Mao ended the campaign by asserting the Anti-Rightist Movement (1957) that reinstated the persecution of intellectuals, for he believed they did not contribute to his socialist ethos of the working people. The Great Leap Forward (1958-1959), an idealist and unrealistic attempt to rapidly industrialize the nation, and the Cultural Revolution (1966-1976), a grand at-tempt to rid China of the "technological elite," extended China's lost years to a staggering two decades. Post-Mao China rapidly revived its science and technology frontier with specialized sciences: agricultural biotechnology, major genomic ventures, modernizing Traditional Chinese Medicine, and stem-cell research. Major revisions to the country’s patent laws increased interna-tional interest in China’s resources. However, bioethical and technical standards still need to be implemented and locally and nationally monitored if China’s scientific advances are to be glob-ally accepted and commercialized. Abbreviations - CCP: Chinese Communist Party; PRC: People's Republic of China; CAS: Chinese Academy of Sciences; NNSF: National Natural Science Foundation; CNCBD: China National Center for Bio-technology Development; HGP: Human Genome Project; MoST: Ministry of Science and Tech-nology; BAC: bacterial artificial chromosome; HB: Hepatitis B; TCM: Traditional Chinese Medicine; CATCM: China Academy for Traditional Chinese Medicine; ES: embryonic stem; MPH: Ministry of Public Health; GMO: genetically modified organism; UCSD: University of California, San Diego; CQMHTIO: Chongqing Municipality High-Technology Industrialization Office. Citation - Lakhan, S E (2006), "The Emergence of Modern Biotechnology in China", Issues in Informing Science and Information Technology, 3: 333-353. [Collapse Summary]

Keywords: Engibous, Prize, Senior Project, Texas Instruments, TI

Summary: This module introduces the Engibous Prize which is sponsored by Texas Instruments. It presents an overview of the contest. Then introduces Tom Engibous, of whom the Prize is named after. Finally it presents the rules of the contest.

Keywords: chemical, environmental health, manufacturing, semiconductors

Summary: This module gives a brief general overview of semi-conductor manufacturing and some of the components and processes used to produce them that can potentially cause harm to humans or the environment.

Summary: In this module, the Chapter The Evolution of Environmental Policy in the United States is introduced.

Keywords: anthropoid, Australopithecus, brachiation, Cararrhini, hominin, hominoid, Homo, Homo sapiens, Homo sapiens sapiens, Hylobatidae, Pan, Paranthropus, Platyrrhini, Plesiadapis, Pongo, primate, primate characteristic, primate evolution, prognathic jaw, prosimian, stereoscopic vision, Vertebrata, vertebrate, vertebrates

Summary: By the end of this section, you will be able to: Describe the derived features that distinguish primates from other animals Explain why scientists are having difficulty determining the true lines of descent in hominids