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FIR Filtering: Basic Assembly Exercise for TI TMS320C54x

Module by: Douglas L. Jones, Swaroop Appadwedula, Matthew Berry, Mark Haun, Jake Janovetz, Michael Kramer, Dima Moussa, Daniel Sachs, Brian Wade, Jason Laska

Summary: You will work through a section of TI TMS320C54x assembly code by hand. The instructions include multiplication of fractional numbers in two's complement representation.

Assembly Exercise

	
	1  FIR_len .set    3
	2
	3  ; Assume: 
	4  ;   BK = FIR_len
	5  ;   AR0 = 1
	6  ;   AR2 = 1000h
	7  ;   AR3 = 1004h
	8  ;
	9  ;   FRCT = 1
	10
	11      stl     A,*AR3+%
	12      rptz    A,(FIR_len-1)
	13      mac     *AR2+0%,*AR3+0%,A
	
      
Anything following a ";" is considered a comment. In this case, the comments indicate the contents of the auxiliary registers, the BK register, and the address registers before the execution of the first instruction, stl. The line FIR_len .set 3 defines the name FIR_len as equal to 3. The BK register contains the length of the circular buffer we want to use. The % modifies the increment operator + so that it behaves as a circular buffer. This means that the address registers will be incremented until the (memory-address mod value-in-BK) = 0. When the increment operator + is followed by a 0, it increments by the value specified in register AR0.
Note that any number followed by an "h" or preceded with a 0x represents a hexadecimal value.
Example 1 
1000h and 0x1000 both refer to the decimal number 4096.
Assume that the data memory is initialized as follows starting at location 1000h.
reg1.png
Figure 1: Data Memory Assignment (before execution)
After familiarizing yourself with the stl, rptz, and mac instructions, step through each line of code and record the values of the accumulator A and auxiliary registers AR2 and AR3 in the spaces provided in Figure 2. Additionally, record the value of the memory contents after all three instructions have been "executed" in the blank data memory table provided in Figure 3.
A AR2 AR3  
00 0000 8000h 1000h 1004h at start of code
      after stl instruction
      after rptz instruction
      after first mac instruction
      after second mac instruction
      after third mac instruction
Figure 2: Execution Results
When working through the exercise, take into account that the accumulator A is a 40-bit register, and that the multiplier is in the fractional arithmetic mode. In this mode, integers on the DSP are interpreted as fractions, and the multiplier will treat them accordingly. This is done by shifting the result of the integer multiplier in the ALU left one bit. (All the arithmetic is fractional in these examples.) Multiplies performed by the ALU (via the mac instruction) produce a result that is twice what you would expect if you just multiplied the two integers together. DSP numerical representation and arithmetic are described further in Two's Complement and Fractional Arithmetic for 16-bit Processors.
reg2.png
Figure 3: Data Memory Assignment (after execution)

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