Unfortunately, since we don't know what value
the phasor
V
+
V
+
has, these equations do not do us a whole lot of good!
One way to deal with this is to simply divide this equation into this equation. That gets
rid of
V
+
V
+
and the
ⅇⅈβs
β
s
and so we now come up with a new
variable, which we shall call line impedance,
Zs
Z
s
.
Zs≡VsIs=
Z
0
1+
Γ
ν
ⅇ-2ⅈβs1−
Γ
ν
ⅇ-2ⅈβs
Z
s
V
s
I
s
Z
0
1
Γ
ν
-2
β
s
1
Γ
ν
-2
β
s
(1)
Zs
Z
s
represents the ratio of the total voltage to the total
current anywhere on the line. Thus, if we have a line
LL long, terminated with a load
impedance
Z
L
Z
L
, which gives rise to a terminal reflection coefficient
Γ
ν
Γ
ν
, then if we substitute
Γ
ν
Γ
ν
and
LL into
Equation 1, the
ZL
Z
L
which we calculate will be the "apparent" impedance
which we would see looking into the input terminals to the line!
There are several ways in which we can look at
Equation 1. One is to try to put it into a more
tractable form, that we might be able to use to find
Zs
Z
s
, given some line impedance
Z
0
Z
0
, a load impedance
Z
L
Z
L
and a distance, ss away
from the load. We can start out by multiplying top and bottom by
ⅇⅈβs
β
s
, substituting in for
Γ
ν
Γ
ν
, and then multiplying top and bottom by
Z
L
+
Z
0
Z
L
Z
0
.
Zs=
Z
0
Z
L
+
Z
0
ⅇⅈβs+
Z
L
−
Z
0
ⅇ-ⅈβs
Z
L
+
Z
0
ⅇⅈβs−
Z
L
−
Z
0
ⅇ-ⅈβs
Z
s
Z
0
Z
L
Z
0
β
s
Z
L
Z
0
β
s
Z
L
Z
0
β
s
Z
L
Z
0
β
s
(2)
Next, we use Euler's relation, and substitute
cosβs±ⅈsinβs
±
β
s
β
s
for the exponential. Lots of things will cancel out,
and if we do the math carefully, we end up with
Zs=
Z
0
Z
L
+ⅈ
Z
0
tanβs
Z
0
+ⅈ
Z
L
tanβs
Z
s
Z
0
Z
L
Z
0
β
s
Z
0
Z
L
β
s
(3)
For some people, this equation is more satisfying than
Equation 1, but for me, both are about equally opaque in
terms if seeing how
Zs
Z
s
is going to behave with various loads, as we move down
the line towards the generator.
Equation 3
does have the nice property that it is easy
to calculate, and hence could be put into MATLAB or a
programmable calculator. (In fact you could program
Equation 1 just as well for that matter.) You could specify
a certain set of conditions and easily find
Zs
Z
s
, but you would not get much insight into how a
transmission line actually behaves.
"This course offers an introduction to solid state device including field effect and bipolar transistors. Properties of transmission lines and propagating E&M waves are also presented. It is […]"