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  <name xmlns:md="http://cnx.rice.edu/mdml/0.4" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:bib="http://bibtexml.sf.net/">Digital Transmitter: MATLAB Exercise for Quadrature Phase-Shift Keying</name>
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      <md:firstname xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:bib="http://bibtexml.sf.net/">Robert</md:firstname>
      <md:othername xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:bib="http://bibtexml.sf.net/">L.</md:othername>
      <md:surname xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:bib="http://bibtexml.sf.net/">Morrison</md:surname>
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  <md:keywordlist xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:bib="http://bibtexml.sf.net/">
    <md:keyword xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:bib="http://bibtexml.sf.net/">quadrature phase-shift keying</md:keyword>
    <md:keyword xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:bib="http://bibtexml.sf.net/">QPSK</md:keyword>
    <md:keyword xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:bib="http://bibtexml.sf.net/">pseudorandom sequence generator</md:keyword>
    <md:keyword xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:bib="http://bibtexml.sf.net/">in-phase signal</md:keyword>
    <md:keyword xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:bib="http://bibtexml.sf.net/">quadrature signal</md:keyword>
    <md:keyword xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:bib="http://bibtexml.sf.net/">signal constellation</md:keyword>
    <md:keyword xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:bib="http://bibtexml.sf.net/">gray coding</md:keyword>
    <md:keyword xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:bib="http://bibtexml.sf.net/">DSP</md:keyword>
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  <md:abstract xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:bib="http://bibtexml.sf.net/">You will simulate a quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) digital transmitter in MATLAB.</md:abstract>
</metadata>






  <content xmlns:md="http://cnx.rice.edu/mdml/0.4" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:bib="http://bibtexml.sf.net/">
    <section xmlns:md="http://cnx.rice.edu/mdml/0.4" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:bib="http://bibtexml.sf.net/" id="sec2">
      <name xmlns:md="http://cnx.rice.edu/mdml/0.4" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:bib="http://bibtexml.sf.net/">MATLAB Simulation</name>
      <para xmlns:md="http://cnx.rice.edu/mdml/0.4" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:bib="http://bibtexml.sf.net/" id="p11">
	MATLAB is commonly used to design filters and determine frequency 
	responses of systems, but it is also very useful as a simulation tool.
      </para>
      <para xmlns:md="http://cnx.rice.edu/mdml/0.4" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:bib="http://bibtexml.sf.net/" id="p12">
	Use the following MATLAB code skeleton to simulate the QPSK
	transmitter from <cnxn xmlns:md="http://cnx.rice.edu/mdml/0.4" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:bib="http://bibtexml.sf.net/" target="fig1" document="m10042">Digital
	Transmitter: Introduction to Quadrature Phase-Shift
	Keying</cnxn> and fill in the incomplete portions.  Note that
	the code is not complete and will not execute properly as
	written.  How does the spectrum of the transmitted signal
	change with
	<m:math>
	  <m:ci><m:msub>
	      <m:mi>T</m:mi>
	      <m:mi>symb</m:mi>
	    </m:msub></m:ci>
	</m:math>?  How do you interpret the figure created by 
	<code xmlns:md="http://cnx.rice.edu/mdml/0.4" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:bib="http://bibtexml.sf.net/">plot(rI,rQ)</code>?
      </para>

      <code xmlns:md="http://cnx.rice.edu/mdml/0.4" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:bib="http://bibtexml.sf.net/" type="block">
	<![CDATA[
	1  %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
	2  % MATLAB Code Skeleton for QPSK Digital Transmitter 
	3
	4  % Generate random bits
	5  bits_per_symbol=2;
	6  num_symbols=128;
	7  numbits=bits_per_symbol*num_symbols;
	8  bits=rand(1,numbits)>0.5;
	9  
	10  Tsymb = 16;                  % symbol length
	11  omega = pi/2;                % carrier frequency
	12
	13  %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
	14  % Transmitter section
	15                             % initialize transmit sequence
	16  t = zeros(1,num_symbols*Tsymb);
	17  i = 1;                       % initialize bit index
	18  n = 1;                       % initialize time index
	19  
	20  while (n <= num_symbols*Tsymb)
	21   if ( bits(i:i+1) == [ 0 0])
	22       Igain = 1/sqrt(2);
	23       Qgain = 1/sqrt(2);
	24   % ------>Insert code here<-------
	25
	26   end;
	27   i = i+2;                    % next 2 bits
	28
	29   % Generate symbol to be transmitted
	30   t(n:n+Tsymb-1) =    %------>Insert code here<-------
	31                  
	32   n = n+Tsymb;                % next symbol
	33  end;
	34
	35  % Show the transmitted signal and its spectrum
	36  % ------>Insert code here<-------
	37
	38  % Show the transmitted signal constellation 
	39  rI = t.*cos(omega*[1:num_symbols*Tsymb]);
	40  rQ = t.*sin(omega*[1:num_symbols*Tsymb]);
	41
	42  % Filter out the double-frequency term
	43  low_pass=fir1(512,0.5);
	44  rI=conv(rI,low_pass);
	45  rQ=conv(rQ,low_pass);
	46  figure;
	47  plot(rI,rQ);
	]]>
      </code>
    </section>
  </content>
  </document>
