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# Haar Wavelet Basis

Module by: Roy Ha, Justin Romberg. E-mail the authors

Summary: This module gives an overview of wavelets and their usefulness as a basis in image processing. In particular we look at the properties of the Haar wavelet basis.

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## Introduction

Fourier series is a useful orthonormal representation on L 2 0 T L 2 0 T especiallly for inputs into LTI systems. However, it is ill suited for some applications, i.e. image processing (recall Gibb's phenomena).

Wavelets, discovered in the last 15 years, are another kind of basis for L 2 0 T L 2 0 T and have many nice properties.

## Basis Comparisons

Fourier series - c n c n give frequency information. Basis functions last the entire interval.

Wavelets - basis functions give frequency info but are local in time.

In Fourier basis, the basis functions are harmonic multiples of ei ω 0 t ω 0 t

In Haar wavelet basis, the basis functions are scaled and translated versions of a "mother wavelet" ψt ψ t .

Basis functions ψ j , k t ψ j , k t are indexed by a scale j and a shift k.

Let 0t<T:φt=1 0 t T φ t 1 Then φt 2j2ψ2jtk φt2j2ψ2jtk j(k= 0 , 1 , 2 , , 2 j - 1 ) φ t 2 j 2 ψ 2 j t k j k 0 , 1 , 2 , , 2 j - 1 φ t 2 j 2 ψ 2 j t k

ψt={1  if  0t<T2-1  if  0T2<T ψ t 1 0 t T 2 -1 0 T 2 T
(1)

Let ψ j , k t=2j2ψ2jtk ψ j , k t 2 j 2 ψ 2 j t k

Larger jj → "skinnier" basis function, j=012 j 0 1 2 , 2j 2 j shifts at each scale: k= 0 , 1 , , 2 j - 1 k 0 , 1 , , 2 j - 1

Check: each ψ j , k t ψ j , k t has unit energy

( ψ j , k 2tdt=1)( ψ j , k ( t ) 2 =1) t ψ j , k t 2 1 ψ j , k ( t ) 2 1
(2)

Any two basis functions are orthogonal.

Also, ψ j , k φ ψ j , k φ span L 2 0 T L 2 0 T

## Haar Wavelet Transform

Using what we know about Hilbert spaces: For any ft L 2 0 T f t L 2 0 T , we can write

### Synthesis

ft=jk w j , k ψ j , k t+ c 0 φt f t j j k k w j , k ψ j , k t c 0 φ t
(3)

### Analysis

w j , k =0Tft ψ j , k tdt w j , k t 0 T f t ψ j , k t
(4)
c 0 =0Tftφtdt c 0 t 0 T f t φ t
(5)

### note:

the w j , k w j , k are real
The Haar transform is super useful especially in image compression

### Example 1

This demonstration lets you create a signal by combining Haar basis functions, illustrating the synthesis equation of the Haar Wavelet Transform. See here for instructions on how to use the demo.

LabVIEW Example: (run) (source)

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