Most function generators allow the user to choose the shape of the output from a small number of options.
- Square wave - The signal goes directly from high to low voltage.
- Sine wave - The signal curves like a sinusoid from high to low voltage.
- Triangle wave - The signal goes from high to low voltage at a fixed rate.
The amplitude control on a function generator varies the voltage difference between the high and low voltage of the output signal.
The direct current (DC) offset control on a function generator varies the average voltage of a signal relative to the ground.
The frequency control of a function generator controls the rate at which output signal oscillates.
On some function generators, the frequency control is a combination of different controls.
One set of controls chooses the broad frequency range (order of magnitude) and the other selects the precise frequency.
This allows the function generator to handle the enormous variation in frequency scale needed for signals.
The duty cycle of a signal refers to the ratio of high voltage to low voltage time in a square wave signal.
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