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<document xmlns="http://cnx.rice.edu/cnxml" xmlns:md="http://cnx.rice.edu/mdml/0.4" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:bib="http://bibtexml.sf.net/" id="None">
  <name xmlns:md="http://cnx.rice.edu/mdml/0.4" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:bib="http://bibtexml.sf.net/">Infinite Length DT Signals</name>
  <metadata xmlns:md="http://cnx.rice.edu/mdml/0.4" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:bib="http://bibtexml.sf.net/">
  <md:version xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:bib="http://bibtexml.sf.net/">1.1</md:version>
  <md:created xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:bib="http://bibtexml.sf.net/">2004/07/01 13:31:09 GMT-5</md:created>
  <md:revised xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:bib="http://bibtexml.sf.net/">2004/07/29 15:25:27.856 GMT-5</md:revised>
  <md:authorlist xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:bib="http://bibtexml.sf.net/">
      <md:author xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:bib="http://bibtexml.sf.net/" id="richb">
      <md:firstname xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:bib="http://bibtexml.sf.net/">Richard</md:firstname>
      <md:othername xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:bib="http://bibtexml.sf.net/">G.</md:othername>
      <md:surname xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:bib="http://bibtexml.sf.net/">Baraniuk</md:surname>
      <md:email xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:bib="http://bibtexml.sf.net/">richb@rice.edu</md:email>
    </md:author>
  </md:authorlist>

  <md:maintainerlist xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:bib="http://bibtexml.sf.net/">
    <md:maintainer xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:bib="http://bibtexml.sf.net/" id="richb">
      <md:firstname xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:bib="http://bibtexml.sf.net/">Richard</md:firstname>
      <md:othername xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:bib="http://bibtexml.sf.net/">G.</md:othername>
      <md:surname xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:bib="http://bibtexml.sf.net/">Baraniuk</md:surname>
      <md:email xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:bib="http://bibtexml.sf.net/">richb@rice.edu</md:email>
    </md:maintainer>
    <md:maintainer xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:bib="http://bibtexml.sf.net/" id="harika">
      <md:firstname xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:bib="http://bibtexml.sf.net/">Harika</md:firstname>
      
      <md:surname xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:bib="http://bibtexml.sf.net/">Basana</md:surname>
      <md:email xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:bib="http://bibtexml.sf.net/">ilsai@rice.edu</md:email>
    </md:maintainer>
    <md:maintainer xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:bib="http://bibtexml.sf.net/" id="mshiralkar05">
      <md:firstname xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:bib="http://bibtexml.sf.net/">Malan</md:firstname>
      
      <md:surname xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:bib="http://bibtexml.sf.net/">Shiralkar</md:surname>
      <md:email xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:bib="http://bibtexml.sf.net/">mshiralkar05@hotmail.com</md:email>
    </md:maintainer>
  </md:maintainerlist>
  
  <md:keywordlist xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:bib="http://bibtexml.sf.net/">
    <md:keyword xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:bib="http://bibtexml.sf.net/">Infinite Length DT Signals</md:keyword>
    <md:keyword xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:bib="http://bibtexml.sf.net/">infinite</md:keyword>
    <md:keyword xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:bib="http://bibtexml.sf.net/">length</md:keyword>
    <md:keyword xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:bib="http://bibtexml.sf.net/">DT</md:keyword>
    <md:keyword xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:bib="http://bibtexml.sf.net/">signals</md:keyword>
    <md:keyword xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:bib="http://bibtexml.sf.net/">fall 2003</md:keyword>
    <md:keyword xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:bib="http://bibtexml.sf.net/">elec 301</md:keyword>
  </md:keywordlist>

  <md:abstract xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:bib="http://bibtexml.sf.net/">In this section, you will learn about Infinite Length DT Signals.</md:abstract>
</metadata>
  
  <content xmlns:md="http://cnx.rice.edu/mdml/0.4" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:bib="http://bibtexml.sf.net/">

    
    <para xmlns:md="http://cnx.rice.edu/mdml/0.4" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:bib="http://bibtexml.sf.net/" id="para1">
      What happens as we let signals become longer and longer...?
    </para>
    
    <figure xmlns:md="http://cnx.rice.edu/mdml/0.4" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:bib="http://bibtexml.sf.net/" id="fig1">
      <media xmlns:md="http://cnx.rice.edu/mdml/0.4" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:bib="http://bibtexml.sf.net/" type="application/postscript" src="fig2.eps">
	<media xmlns:md="http://cnx.rice.edu/mdml/0.4" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:bib="http://bibtexml.sf.net/" type="image/png" src="fig2.png"/>
      </media>
    </figure>

    <para xmlns:md="http://cnx.rice.edu/mdml/0.4" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:bib="http://bibtexml.sf.net/" id="para2">
      We can view this as letting 
      <m:math>
	<m:apply>
	  <m:tendsto/>
	  <m:ci>N</m:ci>
	  <m:infinity/>
	</m:apply>
      </m:math>.
      That is, vector
      <m:math>
	<m:apply>
	  <m:in/>
	  <m:ci type="vector">x</m:ci>
	  <m:apply>
	    <m:power/>
	    <m:reals/>
	    <m:ci>N</m:ci>
	  </m:apply>
	</m:apply>
      </m:math>
      becomes <emphasis xmlns:md="http://cnx.rice.edu/mdml/0.4" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:bib="http://bibtexml.sf.net/">infinitely long</emphasis>.
    </para>
    
    <para xmlns:md="http://cnx.rice.edu/mdml/0.4" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:bib="http://bibtexml.sf.net/" id="para3">
      <equation xmlns:md="http://cnx.rice.edu/mdml/0.4" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:bib="http://bibtexml.sf.net/" id="eq1">
	<m:math>
	  <m:apply>
	    <m:eq/>
	    <m:ci type="vector">x</m:ci>
	    <m:vector>
	      <m:apply>
		<m:ci>...</m:ci>
	      </m:apply>
	      <m:apply>
		<m:ci type="fn" class="discrete">x</m:ci>
		<m:apply>
		  <m:minus/>		
		  <m:cn>2</m:cn>
		</m:apply>
	      </m:apply>
	      <m:apply>
		<m:ci type="fn" class="discrete">x</m:ci>
		<m:apply>
		  <m:minus/>		
		  <m:cn>1</m:cn>
		</m:apply>
	      </m:apply>
	      <m:apply>
		<m:ci type="fn" class="discrete">x</m:ci>
		<m:cn>0</m:cn>
	      </m:apply>
	      <m:apply>
		<m:ci type="fn" class="discrete">x</m:ci>
		<m:cn>1</m:cn>
	      </m:apply> 
	      <m:apply>
		<m:ci type="fn" class="discrete">x</m:ci>
		<m:cn>2</m:cn>
	      </m:apply>  
	      <m:apply>
		<m:ci>...</m:ci>
	      </m:apply>
	    </m:vector>
	  </m:apply>
	</m:math>
      </equation>
      <note xmlns:md="http://cnx.rice.edu/mdml/0.4" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:bib="http://bibtexml.sf.net/">
	We can still keep all notions of vectors, vector spaces, inner
	products, norms,
	<m:math>
	  <m:ci> 
	    <m:msub> 
	      <m:mi>l</m:mi> 
	      <m:mi>p</m:mi> 
	    </m:msub> 
	  </m:ci> 
	</m:math> spaces...
      </note>
    </para>

    <section xmlns:md="http://cnx.rice.edu/mdml/0.4" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:bib="http://bibtexml.sf.net/" id="section1">
      <name xmlns:md="http://cnx.rice.edu/mdml/0.4" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:bib="http://bibtexml.sf.net/">General ∞-length inner product</name>

      <para xmlns:md="http://cnx.rice.edu/mdml/0.4" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:bib="http://bibtexml.sf.net/" id="para4">
	<equation xmlns:md="http://cnx.rice.edu/mdml/0.4" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:bib="http://bibtexml.sf.net/" id="e2">
	  <m:math>
	    <m:apply>
	      <m:eq/>
	      <m:apply>
		<m:scalarproduct/>
		<m:ci type="vector">x</m:ci>
		<m:ci type="vector">y</m:ci>
	      </m:apply>
	      <m:apply>
		<m:sum/>
		<m:bvar>
		  <m:ci>n</m:ci>
		</m:bvar>
		<m:lowlimit>
		  <m:apply>
		    <m:minus/>
		    <m:cn>∞</m:cn>
		  </m:apply>
		</m:lowlimit>
		<m:uplimit>
		  <m:cn>∞</m:cn>
		</m:uplimit>
		<m:apply>
		  <m:times/>
		  <m:apply>
		    <m:conjugate/>
		    <m:apply>
		      <m:ci type="fn" class="discrete">y</m:ci>
		      <m:ci>n</m:ci>
		    </m:apply>
		  </m:apply>
		  <m:apply>
		    <m:ci type="fn" class="discrete">x</m:ci>
		    <m:ci>n</m:ci>
		  </m:apply>
		</m:apply>
	      </m:apply>
	    </m:apply>
	  </m:math>
	</equation>
      </para>

    </section>
    
    <section xmlns:md="http://cnx.rice.edu/mdml/0.4" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:bib="http://bibtexml.sf.net/" id="section2">
      <name xmlns:md="http://cnx.rice.edu/mdml/0.4" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:bib="http://bibtexml.sf.net/">lp norm</name>

      <para xmlns:md="http://cnx.rice.edu/mdml/0.4" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:bib="http://bibtexml.sf.net/" id="para5">
	<equation xmlns:md="http://cnx.rice.edu/mdml/0.4" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:bib="http://bibtexml.sf.net/" id="e3">
	  <m:math>
	    <m:apply>
	      <m:eq/>
	      <m:apply>
		<m:csymbol definitionURL="http://cnx.rice.edu/cd/cnxmath.ocd#norm"/>
		<m:domainofapplication>
		  <m:ci>p</m:ci>
		</m:domainofapplication>
		<m:ci type="vector">x</m:ci>
	      </m:apply>
	      <m:apply>
		<m:power/>
		<m:apply>
		  <m:sum/>
		  <m:bvar>
		    <m:ci>n</m:ci>
		  </m:bvar>
		  <m:lowlimit>
		    <m:apply>
		      <m:minus/>
		      <m:infinity/>
		    </m:apply>
		  </m:lowlimit>
		  <m:uplimit>
		    <m:infinity/>
		  </m:uplimit>
		  <m:apply>
		    <m:power/>
		    <m:apply>
		      <m:abs/>
		      <m:apply>
			<m:ci type="fn" class="discrete">x</m:ci>
			<m:ci>n</m:ci>
		      </m:apply>
		    </m:apply>
		    <m:ci>p</m:ci>
		  </m:apply>
		</m:apply>
		<m:apply>
		  <m:divide/>
		  <m:cn>1</m:cn>
		  <m:ci>p</m:ci>
		</m:apply>
	      </m:apply>
	    </m:apply>
	    <m:apply>
	      <m:leq/>
	      <m:cn>1</m:cn>
	      <m:apply>
		<m:lt/>
		<m:cn>p</m:cn>
		<m:infinity/>
	      </m:apply>
	    </m:apply>
	  </m:math>
	</equation>
      </para>
      
      <para xmlns:md="http://cnx.rice.edu/mdml/0.4" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:bib="http://bibtexml.sf.net/" id="para6">
	<equation xmlns:md="http://cnx.rice.edu/mdml/0.4" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:bib="http://bibtexml.sf.net/" id="e4">
	  <m:math> 
	    <m:apply>
	      <m:eq/>
	      <m:apply>
		<m:csymbol definitionURL="http://cnx.rice.edu/cd/cnxmath.ocd#norm"/>
		<m:domainofapplication>
		  <m:infinity/>
		</m:domainofapplication>
		<m:ci type="vector">x</m:ci>
	      </m:apply>
	      <m:apply>
		<m:max/>
		<m:apply>
		  <m:abs/>
		  <m:apply>
		    <m:ci type="fn" class="discrete">x</m:ci>
		    <m:ci>n</m:ci>
		  </m:apply>
		</m:apply> 
	      </m:apply>
	    </m:apply> 
	    <m:apply>
	      <m:lt/>
	      <m:apply>
		<m:minus/>
		<m:infinity/>
	      </m:apply>
	      <m:ci>n</m:ci>
	      <m:infinity/>
	    </m:apply>
	  </m:math>
	</equation>
      </para>
      
    </section>

    <section xmlns:md="http://cnx.rice.edu/mdml/0.4" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:bib="http://bibtexml.sf.net/" id="section3">
      <name xmlns:md="http://cnx.rice.edu/mdml/0.4" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:bib="http://bibtexml.sf.net/">lp(Z) spaces</name>

      <para xmlns:md="http://cnx.rice.edu/mdml/0.4" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:bib="http://bibtexml.sf.net/" id="para7">
	These are <term xmlns:md="http://cnx.rice.edu/mdml/0.4" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:bib="http://bibtexml.sf.net/">vector spaces</term> comprising all ∞-length
	vectors with finite
	<m:math> 
	  <m:ci> 
	    <m:msub> 
	      <m:mi>l</m:mi> 
	      <m:mi>p</m:mi> 
	    </m:msub> 
	  </m:ci> 
	</m:math> norm...
      </para>

      <para xmlns:md="http://cnx.rice.edu/mdml/0.4" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:bib="http://bibtexml.sf.net/" id="para8">
	<equation xmlns:md="http://cnx.rice.edu/mdml/0.4" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:bib="http://bibtexml.sf.net/" id="e5">
	  <m:math>
	    <m:apply>
	      <m:eq/>
	      <m:apply>
		<m:times/>
		<m:ci> 
		  <m:msub> 
		    <m:mi>l</m:mi> 
		    <m:mi>p</m:mi> 
		  </m:msub>
		</m:ci>
		<m:ci>(</m:ci>
		<m:integers/>
		<m:ci>)</m:ci>
	      </m:apply>
	      <m:set>
		<m:bvar>
		  <m:ci type="vector">x</m:ci>
		</m:bvar>
		<m:condition>
		  <m:apply>
		    <m:lt/>
		    <m:apply>
		      <m:csymbol definitionURL="http://cnx.rice.edu/cd/cnxmath.ocd#norm"/>
		      <m:domainofapplication>
			<m:ci>p</m:ci>
		      </m:domainofapplication>
		      <m:ci type="vector">x</m:ci>
		    </m:apply>
		    <m:infinity/>
		  </m:apply>
		</m:condition>
	      </m:set>
	    </m:apply>
	  </m:math>
	</equation>
      </para>
      
      <exercise xmlns:md="http://cnx.rice.edu/mdml/0.4" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:bib="http://bibtexml.sf.net/" id="exer1">
	<problem xmlns:md="http://cnx.rice.edu/mdml/0.4" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:bib="http://bibtexml.sf.net/">
	  <para xmlns:md="http://cnx.rice.edu/mdml/0.4" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:bib="http://bibtexml.sf.net/" id="para9">
	    Why is this a vector space?
	  </para>
	</problem>
      </exercise>
      
      <exercise xmlns:md="http://cnx.rice.edu/mdml/0.4" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:bib="http://bibtexml.sf.net/" id="exer2">
	<problem xmlns:md="http://cnx.rice.edu/mdml/0.4" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:bib="http://bibtexml.sf.net/">
	  <para xmlns:md="http://cnx.rice.edu/mdml/0.4" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:bib="http://bibtexml.sf.net/" id="para10">
	    What is the <emphasis xmlns:md="http://cnx.rice.edu/mdml/0.4" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:bib="http://bibtexml.sf.net/">dimension</emphasis> of
	    <m:math>
	      <m:apply>
		<m:times/>
		<m:ci> 
		  <m:msub> 
		    <m:mi>l</m:mi> 
		    <m:mi>p</m:mi> 
		  </m:msub> 
		</m:ci> 
		<m:ci>(</m:ci>
		<m:integers/>
		<m:ci>)</m:ci>
	      </m:apply>
	    </m:math>?
	  </para>
	</problem>
      </exercise>

      <note xmlns:md="http://cnx.rice.edu/mdml/0.4" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:bib="http://bibtexml.sf.net/" type="note">
	Not every ∞-length vector
	<m:math>
	  <m:ci type="vector">x</m:ci> 
	</m:math>
	belongs to an 
	<m:math>
	  <m:ci> 
	    <m:msub> 
	      <m:mi>l</m:mi> 
	      <m:mi>p</m:mi> 
	    </m:msub> 
	  </m:ci> 
	</m:math>
	(<m:math>
	  <m:integers/>
	</m:math>).
      </note>

      
      <exercise xmlns:md="http://cnx.rice.edu/mdml/0.4" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:bib="http://bibtexml.sf.net/" id="exer3">
	<problem xmlns:md="http://cnx.rice.edu/mdml/0.4" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:bib="http://bibtexml.sf.net/">
	  <para xmlns:md="http://cnx.rice.edu/mdml/0.4" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:bib="http://bibtexml.sf.net/" id="para11">
	    <m:math>
	      <m:apply>
		<m:eq/>
		<m:apply>
		  <m:ci type="fn" class="discrete">x</m:ci>
		  <m:ci>n</m:ci>
		</m:apply>
		<m:cn>1</m:cn>
	      </m:apply>
	    </m:math>,
	    <m:math>
	      <m:apply>
		<m:lt/>
		<m:apply>
		  <m:minus/>
		  <m:infinity/>
		</m:apply>
		<m:ci>n</m:ci>
		<m:infinity/>
	      </m:apply>
	    </m:math>

	    <figure xmlns:md="http://cnx.rice.edu/mdml/0.4" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:bib="http://bibtexml.sf.net/" id="fig2">
	      <media xmlns:md="http://cnx.rice.edu/mdml/0.4" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:bib="http://bibtexml.sf.net/" type="application/postscript" src="fig1.eps">
		<media xmlns:md="http://cnx.rice.edu/mdml/0.4" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:bib="http://bibtexml.sf.net/" type="image/png" src="fig1.png"/>
	      </media>
	    </figure>

	    <m:math>
	      <m:apply>
		<m:eq/>
		<m:apply>
		  <m:csymbol definitionURL="http://cnx.rice.edu/cd/cnxmath.ocd#norm"/>
		  <m:domainofapplication>
		    <m:cn>1</m:cn>
		  </m:domainofapplication>
		  <m:ci type="vector">x</m:ci>
		</m:apply>
		<m:ci> </m:ci>
	      </m:apply>
	    </m:math>

	  </para>		

	  <para xmlns:md="http://cnx.rice.edu/mdml/0.4" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:bib="http://bibtexml.sf.net/" id="para12">

	    <m:math>
	      <m:apply>
		<m:eq/>
		<m:apply>
		  <m:csymbol definitionURL="http://cnx.rice.edu/cd/cnxmath.ocd#norm"/>
		  <m:domainofapplication>
		    <m:cn>2</m:cn>
		  </m:domainofapplication>
		  <m:ci type="vector">x</m:ci>
		</m:apply>
		<m:ci> </m:ci>
	      </m:apply>
	    </m:math>

	  </para>

	  <para xmlns:md="http://cnx.rice.edu/mdml/0.4" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:bib="http://bibtexml.sf.net/" id="para13">
	    
	    <m:math>
	      <m:apply>
		<m:eq/>
		<m:apply>
		  <m:csymbol definitionURL="http://cnx.rice.edu/cd/cnxmath.ocd#norm"/>
		  <m:domainofapplication>
		    <m:infinity/>
		  </m:domainofapplication>
		  <m:ci type="vector">x</m:ci>
		</m:apply>
		<m:ci> </m:ci>
	      </m:apply>
	    </m:math>
	    
	  </para>
	  
	      <para xmlns:md="http://cnx.rice.edu/mdml/0.4" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:bib="http://bibtexml.sf.net/" id="para14">
		What are the conditions on <m:math>
		  <m:ci type="vector">x</m:ci>
		</m:math> 
		to be in an
		<m:math>
		  <m:ci> 
		    <m:msub> 
		      <m:mi>l</m:mi> 
		      <m:mi>p</m:mi> 
		    </m:msub> 
		  </m:ci>
		</m:math> 
		(<m:math>
		  <m:integers/>
		</m:math>
		)?
	      </para>
	    </problem>
	  </exercise>
      
    </section>

  </content>
  
</document>
