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<document xmlns="http://cnx.rice.edu/cnxml" xmlns:md="http://cnx.rice.edu/mdml/0.4" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:bib="http://bibtexml.sf.net/" id="m10815">
  <name>Multirate Filtering: Filter-Design Exercise in MATLAB (Chinese Version)</name>
  <metadata>
  <md:version>1.1</md:version>
  <md:created>2004/10/31 14:49:40 US/Central</md:created>
  <md:revised>2004/12/01 23:42:05.891 US/Central</md:revised>
  <md:authorlist>
      <md:author id="dljones">
      <md:firstname>Douglas</md:firstname>
      <md:othername>L.</md:othername>
      <md:surname>Jones</md:surname>
      <md:email>dl-jones@uiuc.edu</md:email>
    </md:author>
      <md:author id="appadwed">
      <md:firstname>Swaroop</md:firstname>
      
      <md:surname>Appadwedula</md:surname>
      <md:email>appadwed@uiuc.edu</md:email>
    </md:author>
      <md:author id="mjberry">
      <md:firstname>Matthew</md:firstname>
      <md:othername>J.</md:othername>
      <md:surname>Berry</md:surname>
      <md:email>mjberry@uiuc.edu</md:email>
    </md:author>
      <md:author id="markhaun">
      <md:firstname>Mark</md:firstname>
      <md:othername>A.</md:othername>
      <md:surname>Haun</md:surname>
      <md:email>markhaun@uiuc.edu</md:email>
    </md:author>
      <md:author id="jake">
      <md:firstname>Jake</md:firstname>
      
      <md:surname>Janevitz</md:surname>
      <md:email>jake@janovetz.com</md:email>
    </md:author>
      <md:author id="kramer">
      <md:firstname>Michael</md:firstname>
      <md:othername>L.</md:othername>
      <md:surname>Kramer</md:surname>
      <md:email>kramer@ifp.uiuc.edu</md:email>
    </md:author>
      <md:author id="moussa">
      <md:firstname>Dima</md:firstname>
      
      <md:surname>Moussa</md:surname>
      <md:email>dmoussa@uiuc.edu</md:email>
    </md:author>
      <md:author id="dsachs">
      <md:firstname>Daniel</md:firstname>
      <md:othername>Grobe</md:othername>
      <md:surname>Sachs</md:surname>
      <md:email>sachs@uiuc.edu</md:email>
    </md:author>
      <md:author id="bwade">
      <md:firstname>Brian</md:firstname>
      
      <md:surname>Wade</md:surname>
      <md:email>bwade@uiuc.edu</md:email>
    </md:author>
      <md:author id="jpfrantz">
      <md:firstname>Patrick</md:firstname>
      
      <md:surname>Frantz</md:surname>
      <md:email>jpfrantz@rice.edu</md:email>
    </md:author>
      <md:author id="klwang">
      <md:firstname>Kanglin</md:firstname>
      
      <md:surname>Wang</md:surname>
      <md:email>klwang@rice.edu</md:email>
    </md:author>
  </md:authorlist>

  <md:maintainerlist>
    <md:maintainer id="jpfrantz">
      <md:firstname>Patrick</md:firstname>
      
      <md:surname>Frantz</md:surname>
      <md:email>jpfrantz@rice.edu</md:email>
    </md:maintainer>
    <md:maintainer id="klwang">
      <md:firstname>Kanglin</md:firstname>
      
      <md:surname>Wang</md:surname>
      <md:email>klwang@rice.edu</md:email>
    </md:maintainer>
  </md:maintainerlist>
  
  <md:keywordlist>
    <md:keyword>anti-aliasing</md:keyword>
    <md:keyword>anti-imaging</md:keyword>
    <md:keyword>downsample</md:keyword>
    <md:keyword>DSP</md:keyword>
    <md:keyword>filter design</md:keyword>
    <md:keyword>MATLAB</md:keyword>
    <md:keyword>multirate</md:keyword>
    <md:keyword>sample-rate compressor</md:keyword>
    <md:keyword>sample-rate expander</md:keyword>
    <md:keyword>upsample</md:keyword>
    <md:keyword>zero-placement</md:keyword>
  </md:keywordlist>

  <md:abstract>You will design a low-pass finite impulse-response filter using the zero-placement method in MATLAB.  The filter can be used as an anti-aliasing and anti-imaging filter in a multirate system.</md:abstract>
</metadata>




  <content>
      <section id="sec2b">
	<name>滤波器设计练习</name>
	<para id="p6">
	  使用置零的方法为<cnxn document="m10024" target="fig1">Multirate Filtering: Introduction</cnxn>中的多频采样系统设计滤波器。一个长度为 
         <m:math><m:ci>N</m:ci>
	</m:math> 的FIR滤波器的
         <m:math>
	  <m:ci>z</m:ci>
	</m:math>-变换在
	<m:math>
	  <m:apply>
	    <m:power/>
	    <m:ci>z</m:ci>
	    <m:cn>-1</m:cn>
	  </m:apply>
	</m:math>中是一个多项式，这个多项式可被因式分解为<m:math>
	  <m:apply>
	    <m:minus/>
	    <m:ci>N</m:ci>
	    <m:cn>1</m:cn>
	  </m:apply>
	</m:math>项。
      </para>
      <equation id="eqn3">
	<m:math>
	  <m:apply>
	    <m:eq/>
	    <m:apply>
	      <m:ci type="fn">H</m:ci>
	      <m:ci>z</m:ci>
	    </m:apply>
	    <m:apply>
	      <m:plus/>
	      <m:ci><m:msub>
		  <m:mi>h</m:mi>
		  <m:mn>0</m:mn>
		</m:msub></m:ci>
	      <m:apply>
		<m:times/>
		<m:ci><m:msub>
		    <m:mi>h</m:mi>
		    <m:mn>1</m:mn>
		  </m:msub></m:ci>
		<m:apply>
		  <m:power/>
		  <m:ci>z</m:ci>
		  <m:cn>-1</m:cn>
		</m:apply>
	      </m:apply>
	      <m:apply>
		<m:times/>
		<m:ci><m:msub>
		    <m:mi>h</m:mi>
		    <m:mn>2</m:mn>
		  </m:msub></m:ci>
		<m:apply>
		  <m:power/>
		  <m:ci>z</m:ci>
		  <m:cn>-2</m:cn>
		</m:apply>
	      </m:apply>
	      <m:ci>⋯</m:ci>
	    </m:apply>
	    <m:apply>
	      <m:times/>
	      <m:apply>
		<m:minus/>
		<m:ci><m:msub>
		    <m:mi>z</m:mi>
		    <m:mn>1</m:mn>
		  </m:msub></m:ci>
		<m:apply>
		  <m:power/>
		  <m:ci>z</m:ci>
		  <m:cn>-1</m:cn>
		</m:apply>
	      </m:apply>
	      <m:apply>
		<m:minus/>
		<m:ci><m:msub>
		    <m:mi>z</m:mi>
		    <m:mn>2</m:mn>
		  </m:msub></m:ci>
		<m:apply>
		  <m:power/>
		  <m:ci>z</m:ci>
		  <m:cn>-1</m:cn>
		</m:apply>
	      </m:apply>
	      <m:apply>
		<m:minus/>
		<m:ci><m:msub>
		    <m:mi>z</m:mi>
		    <m:mn>3</m:mn>
		  </m:msub></m:ci>
		<m:apply>
		  <m:power/>
		  <m:ci>z</m:ci>
		  <m:cn>-1</m:cn>
		</m:apply>
	      </m:apply>
	      <m:ci>⋯</m:ci>
	    </m:apply>
	  </m:apply>
	</m:math>
      </equation>

      <para id="p7">
	利用这一关系在单位圆上的
	<m:math>
	  <m:apply>
	    <m:mo>±</m:mo>
	    <m:apply>
	      <m:divide/>
	      <m:apply>
		<m:times/>
		<m:cn>3</m:cn>
		<m:pi/>
	      </m:apply>
	      <m:cn>8</m:cn>
	    </m:apply>
	  </m:apply>
	</m:math>,
	<m:math>
	  <m:apply>
	    <m:mo>±</m:mo>
	    <m:apply>
	      <m:divide/>
	      <m:pi/>
	      <m:cn>2</m:cn>
	    </m:apply>
	  </m:apply>
	</m:math>,
	<m:math>
	  <m:apply>
	    <m:mo>±</m:mo>
	    <m:apply>
	      <m:divide/>
	      <m:apply>
		<m:times/>
		<m:cn>5</m:cn>
		<m:pi/>
	      </m:apply>
	      <m:cn>8</m:cn>
	    </m:apply>
	  </m:apply>
	</m:math>, 
	<m:math>
	  <m:apply>
	    <m:mo>±</m:mo>
	    <m:apply>
	      <m:divide/>
	      <m:apply>
		<m:times/>
		<m:cn>3</m:cn>
		<m:pi/>
	      </m:apply>
	      <m:cn>4</m:cn>
	    </m:apply>
	  </m:apply>
	</m:math>, 
	<m:math>
	  <m:apply>
	    <m:mo>±</m:mo>
	    <m:apply>
	      <m:divide/>
	      <m:apply>
		<m:times/>
		<m:cn>7</m:cn>
		<m:pi/>
	      </m:apply>
	      <m:cn>8</m:cn>
	    </m:apply>
	  </m:apply>
	</m:math>和 
	<m:math>
	  <m:apply>
	    <m:mo>±</m:mo>
	    <m:pi/>
	  </m:apply>
	</m:math>处放置12个复数零来设计一个低通滤波器（用于多频采样系统中的anti-aliasing和anti-imaging滤波器）。你设计的这个滤波器既可被用作 FIR 1，也可被用作 FIR 3。而对于滤波器 FIR 2 则通过在单位圆上的
	<m:math>
	  <m:apply>
	    <m:mo>±</m:mo>
	    <m:apply>
	      <m:divide/>
	      <m:pi/>
	      <m:cn>4</m:cn>
	    </m:apply>
	  </m:apply>
	</m:math> and 
	<m:math>
	  <m:apply>
	    <m:mo>±</m:mo>
	    <m:apply>
	      <m:divide/>
	      <m:apply>
		<m:times/>
		<m:cn>3</m:cn>
		<m:pi/>
	      </m:apply>
	      <m:cn>4</m:cn>
	    </m:apply>
	  </m:apply>
	</m:math>处放置四个等间距的零来设计一个低通滤波器（用于多频采样系统的 anti-aliasing 和 anti-imaging   滤波器）。调整设计好的滤波器参数以确保在任何频率下增益都不超过1。
      </para>

      <para id="p8">
	在MATLAB中根据给定的零点来计算滤波器参数，并以此来设计滤波器。你可以使用MATLAB的<code>poly</code>函数。在MATLAB中键入<code>help poly</code>来获取使用细节。
      </para>

      <para id="p9">
        在确定了滤波器参数后，使用MATLAB中的<code>freqz</code>函数来画出频率响应曲线。你会发现这些滤波器的频率响应具有很大的增益。通过除以适当数值的方法来调整滤波器参数，以确保增益最大不超过1。所得到的频率响应是否和你根据z-平面上零点位置所预计的频率响应相一致？
      </para>
    </section>
  </content>
  
</document>
