Skip to content Skip to navigation

Connexions

You are here: Home » Content » 晁錯 論貴粟疏

Navigation

Recently Viewed

This feature requires Javascript to be enabled.

晁錯 論貴粟疏

Module by: Wei-Cheng Wong. E-mail the author

User rating (How does the rating system work?)
Ratings

Ratings allow you to judge the quality of modules. If other users have ranked the module then its average rating is displayed below. Ratings are calculated on a scale from one star (Poor) to five stars (Excellent).

How to rate a module

Hover over the star that corresponds to the rating you wish to assign. Click on the star to add your rating. Your rating should be based on the quality of the content. You must have an account and be logged in to rate content.

:
(0 ratings)

Summary: 漢‧晁錯「論貴粟疏」摘錄。

論貴粟疏 晁錯

聖王在上，而民不凍饑者，非能耕而食之、織而衣之也，為開其資財之道也。故堯、禹有九年之水，湯有七年之旱，而國亡捐瘠者，以畜積多而備先具也。今海內為一，土地人民之眾不避湯、禹，加以亡天災數年之水旱，而畜積未及者，何也？地有遺利，民有餘力，生谷之土未盡墾，山澤之利未盡出也，游食之民未盡歸農也。

民貧則奸邪生。貧生於不足，不足生於不農，不農則不地著，不地著則離鄉輕家，民如鳥獸，雖有高城深池，嚴法重刑，猶不能禁也。夫寒之於衣，不待輕暖，饑之於食，不待甘旨。饑寒至身，不顧廉恥。人情，一日不再食則饑，終歲不製衣則寒。夫腹饑不得食，膚寒不得衣，雖慈母不能保其子，君安能以有其民哉？明主知其然也，故務民於農桑，薄賦斂，廣畜積，以實倉廩，備水旱，故民可得而有也。

民者，在上所以牧之，趨利如水走下，四方亡擇也。夫珠玉金銀，饑不可食，寒不可衣，然而眾貴之者，以上用之故也。其為物輕微易藏，在於把握，可以周海內而亡饑寒之患。此令臣輕背其主，而民易去其鄉，盜賊有所勸，亡逃者得輕資也。粟米布帛生於地，長於時，聚於力，非可一日成也。數石之重，中人弗勝，不為奸邪所利，一日弗得而饑寒至，是故明君貴五穀而賤金玉。

今農夫五口之家，其服役者不下二人，其能耕者不過百畝，百畝之收不過百石。春耕，夏耘，秋獲，冬藏，伐薪樵，治官府，給徭役；春不得避風塵，夏不得避暑熱，秋不得避陰雨，冬不得避寒凍，四時之間，亡日休息；又私自送往迎來，弔死問疾，養孤長幼在其中。勤苦如此，尚復被水旱之災，急政暴虐，賦斂不時，朝令而暮改，當具，有者半賈而賣，亡者取倍稱之息。於是有賣田宅，鬻子孫，以償責者矣。而商賈大者積貯倍息，小者坐列販賣，操其奇贏，日游都市，乘上之急，所賣必倍。故其男不耕耘，女不蠶織，衣必文采，食必粱肉，亡農夫之苦，有仟佰之得。因其富厚，交通王侯，力過吏勢，以利相傾，千里游敖，冠蓋相望，乘堅策肥，履絲曳縞，此商人所以兼併農人，農人所以流亡者也。今法律賤商人，商人已富貴矣；尊農夫，農夫已貧賤矣。故俗之所貴，主之所賤也；吏之所卑，法之所尊也。上下相反，好惡乖迕，而欲國富法立，不可得也。

方今之務，莫若使民務農而已矣。欲民務農，在於貴粟。貴粟之道，在於使民以粟為賞罰。今募天下入粟縣官，得以拜爵，得以除罪。如此，富人有爵，農民有錢，粟有所渫。夫能入粟以受爵，皆有餘者也。取於有餘，以供上用，則貧民之賦可損，所謂損有餘，補不足，令出而民利者也。順於民心，所補者三：一曰主用足，二曰民賦少，三曰勸農功。今令：民有車騎馬一匹者，復卒三人。車騎者，天下武備也，故為復卒。神農之教曰：「有石城十仞，湯池百步，帶甲百萬，而亡粟，弗能守也。」以是觀之，粟者，王者大用，政之本務。令民入粟受爵至五大夫以上，迺復一人耳。此其與騎馬之功相去遠矣。爵者，上之所擅，出於口而亡窮。粟者，民之所種，生於地而不乏。夫得高爵與免罪，人之所甚欲也。使天下人入粟於邊，以受爵免罪，不過三歲，塞下之粟必多矣。

Content actions

Give Feedback:

E-mail the module author | Rate module ( How does the rating system work?)

Rating system

Ratings

Ratings allow you to judge the quality of modules. If other users have ranked the module then its average rating is displayed below. Ratings are calculated on a scale from one star (Poor) to five stars (Excellent).

How to rate a module

Hover over the star that corresponds to the rating you wish to assign. Click on the star to add your rating. Your rating should be based on the quality of the content. You must have an account and be logged in to rate content.

(0 ratings)

Download:

Module PDF

Add module to:

My Favorites (?)

'My Favorites' is a special kind of lens which you can use to bookmark modules and collections directly in Connexions. 'My Favorites' can only be seen by you, and collections saved in 'My Favorites' can remember the last module you were on. You need a Connexions account to use 'My Favorites'.

| A lens (?)

Definition of a lens

Lenses

A lens is a custom view of Connexions content. You can think of it as a fancy kind of list that will let you see Connexions through the eyes of organizations and people you trust.

What is in a lens?

Lens makers point to Connexions materials (modules and collections), creating a guide that includes their own comments and descriptive tags about the content.

Who can create a lens?

Any individual Connexions member, a community, or a respected organization.

What are tags? tag icon

Tags are descriptors added by lens makers to help label content, attaching a vocabulary that is meaningful in the context of the lens.

| External bookmarks