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<!DOCTYPE document PUBLIC "-//CNX//DTD CNXML 0.5 plus MathML//EN" "http://cnx.rice.edu/cnxml/0.5/DTD/cnxml_mathml.dtd">
<document xmlns="http://cnx.rice.edu/cnxml" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:md="http://cnx.rice.edu/mdml/0.4" xmlns:bib="http://bibtexml.sf.net/" id="m10024">
  
  <name>Lab 2: Theory</name>
  <metadata>
  <md:version>1.1</md:version>
  <md:created>2006/07/26 10:55:47.264 GMT-5</md:created>
  <md:revised>2006/08/20 21:39:52.439 GMT-5</md:revised>
  <md:authorlist>
      <md:author id="tbshen">
      <md:firstname>Thomas</md:firstname>
      
      <md:surname>Shen</md:surname>
      <md:email>tbshen@uiuc.edu</md:email>
    </md:author>
      <md:author id="dljones">
      <md:firstname>Douglas</md:firstname>
      <md:othername>L.</md:othername>
      <md:surname>Jones</md:surname>
      <md:email>dl-jones@uiuc.edu</md:email>
    </md:author>
  </md:authorlist>

  <md:maintainerlist>
    <md:maintainer id="tbshen">
      <md:firstname>Thomas</md:firstname>
      
      <md:surname>Shen</md:surname>
      <md:email>tbshen@uiuc.edu</md:email>
    </md:maintainer>
  </md:maintainerlist>
  
  <md:keywordlist>
    <md:keyword>decimation</md:keyword>
    <md:keyword>downsample</md:keyword>
    <md:keyword>DSP</md:keyword>
    <md:keyword>interpolation</md:keyword>
    <md:keyword>multirate sampling</md:keyword>
    <md:keyword>multirate system</md:keyword>
    <md:keyword>sample-rate compressor</md:keyword>
    <md:keyword>sample-rate expander</md:keyword>
    <md:keyword>upsample</md:keyword>
  </md:keywordlist>

  <md:abstract>A sample-rate compressor removes (D-1) of every D input samples.  A sample-rate expander inserts (U-1) zeros after every input sample.</md:abstract>
</metadata>


  <content>
    <section id="sec1">
      <name>Introduction</name>
      <para id="p1">
	In the exercises that follow, you will explore some of the
	effects of <term>multirate processing</term> using the system
	in <cnxn target="fig1"/>.  The <term>sample-rate
	  compressor</term> 
	(<m:math>
	  <m:apply>
	    <m:mo>↓</m:mo>
	    <m:ci>D</m:ci>
	  </m:apply>
	</m:math>) in the block-diagram removes 
	<m:math>
	  <m:apply>
	    <m:minus/>
	    <m:ci>D</m:ci>
	    <m:cn>1</m:cn>
	  </m:apply>
	</m:math> of every 
	<m:math>
	  <m:ci>D</m:ci>
	</m:math> input samples, while the <term>sample-rate
	  expander</term> 
	(<m:math>
	  <m:apply>
	    <m:mo>↑</m:mo>
	    <m:ci>U</m:ci>
	  </m:apply>
	</m:math>) inserts 
	<m:math>
	  <m:apply>
	    <m:minus/>
	    <m:ci>U</m:ci>
	    <m:cn>1</m:cn>
	  </m:apply>
	</m:math> zeros after every input sample.  With the
	compression and expansion factors set to the same value (
	<m:math>
	  <m:apply>
	    <m:eq/>
	    <m:ci>D</m:ci>
	    <m:ci>U</m:ci>
	  </m:apply>
	</m:math>), filters FIR 1 and FIR 3 operate at the sample rate
	<m:math>
	  <m:ci><m:msub> 
	      <m:mi>F</m:mi> 
	      <m:mi>s</m:mi>
	    </m:msub></m:ci> 
	</m:math>, while filter FIR 2 operates at the lower rate of
	<m:math>
	  <m:apply>
	    <m:divide/>
	    <m:ci><m:msub>
		<m:mi>F</m:mi>
		<m:mi>s</m:mi>
	      </m:msub></m:ci>
	    <m:ci>D</m:ci>
	  </m:apply>
	</m:math>.
      </para>

      <figure id="fig1">
	<media type="image/png" src="multirate_sys.png"/>
	<caption>Net multirate system</caption>
      </figure>

      <para id="p2">
	Later, you will implement the system and control the
	compression and expansion factors at runtime with an interface
	provided for you.  You will be able to disable any or all of
	the filters to investigate multirate effects.  What purpose do
	FIR 1 and FIR 3 serve, and what would happen in their absence?
      </para>
    </section>

  </content>
</document>
