The module “OER Licensing and Conditions of Use,” provided an overview of what authors need to know about licensing and conditions of use. We also talked about the licensing options in OER Commons. This module, “What is Localization?,” offers an overview of localization, which is about making content usable and adaptable to meet your local needs.

Localization and OER In the context of OER, localization refers to the process of taking educational resources developed for one context and adapting them for other contexts. These contexts can, for example, be geographical, pedagogical, political, or technical. The practice of localization encompasses more than the translation of materials into a local language or swapping a photo to reflect a culture. Localization is at the heart of the OER process—it exemplifies diversity, openness, and reusability. No matter where you live or what you teach, when you modify open and freely shared materials for your own use, you are localizing the materials. There are many reasons why educators and learners localize materials. Here are a few: To address a particular teaching style or learning style To adapt for a different grade level To adapt for a different discipline To adjust for a different learning environment To address diversity needs To address a cultural preference To support a specific pedagogical need To address either a school or a district’s standardized curriculum What all these examples have in common is the ability to customize materials to meet unique teaching and learning needs. The OER process of localizing materials is an empowering activity: those using the materials can customize them the way they want. Materials found in an OER repository such as OER Commons are different from materials received from a publisher. OER materials most often have licenses for conditions of use that make them customizable to meet local teaching and learning needs. Most publisher materials cannot be modified. When you use materials found in an OER repository, modify them, and share back the modifications you made, you are practicing the OER process. You are both localizing the materials for your own needs as well as making them freely available to other educators and learners around the world. Sharing back the modifications you made furthers understanding of how the material was adapted.

OER stories from around the world Inga is a community college teacher in Denmark looking for new ways to present a lesson about using patterns in graphic design. A lesson plan travels across the world several times, being customized for each local teaching and learning need. Your experience using open and freely shared course-related materials is valuable in the reuse and evolution of the materials. Tell us your story; how you’ve used these materials and how their use has impacted how you teach or learn.

Creating original materials to share As previously mentioned, localization is part of the OER process: it is the way for individuals to contribute their perspectives and contextual experiences within an educational resource. The materials you create and share are a valuable resource for others to use or build upon. These materials help extend OER into becoming both a scalable and sustainable practice. While creating materials for your own educational use, it may be difficult to imagine how someone in a different circumstance in another part of the world may want to use your material. However, if you keep the following tips in mind while you are creating these materials for sharing, it can assist in making the modification process easier for the next person who wants to customize them for their own use. Document file format: Create materials in the most flexible formats available. HTML is one of the most widely available formats—HTML documents can be viewed with any web browser and the files are easily modifiable. Another popular format for document creation is Microsoft Word. Because Microsoft Word is a commercial product, some people may not own this program. Instead of saving your material as a Word document (.doc format), save the Microsoft Word document as a text (.txt) file or a rich text format file (.rtf). Both .txt and .rtf formats can be opened with any word-processing program. Design: Keep the design of your materials simple. Following W3C’s 10 Quick Tips to Make Accessible Web Sites, will help make your materials accessible to those with disabilities. Share: Make your materials easy to find by submitting them to an OER repository like OER Commons. This helps others find your materials because they can be searched by many factors, such as keywords, grade level, subject area, or type of material. License: License your materials using a Creative Commons license so others can use, re-use, or remix your work.

Activity: Localization Exercise Locate educational materials from any OER repository site such as OER Commons and adapt them for your own use. Share them back. For information on how to submit your materials to OER Commons, read “Submitting Materials to OER Commons.”

Activity: Group Localization Exercise This localization activity is from iCommons: The goal of this activity is to produce modified content that is adapted and suitable to a new purpose, situation or locale; to analyze and reflect upon the process and gain insights into the challenges for practitioners, content developers, and framework/tool providers.

Activity: Share Your Experience Participate in discussions about how open education content is localized and how the creation of OER facilitates or impedes making content be context-specific. In the OER Commons discussion “Localization,” share your thoughts about this important issue. Here are a few questions to consider in your post: What modifications did you make in the materials you used from an OER site? Did you share these modifications back? If not, why not? How is content localized at the individual, school, cultural, and national level, and what are the benefits? What considerations, constraints, and enablers exist in sharing, using and reusing my project's OER content in local teaching and learning situations? Is localization only a process of adapting existing materials for local conditions? Or is it also a methodology for creating new materials?

For More Information The following resources have been selected to provide more information on concepts we covered in this module. Openness, Localization, and the Future of Learning Objects: http://opencontent.org/presentations/bcnet07 Overview of the OSS and OER in Education Series: http://wikieducator.org/Overview_of_the_OSS_and_OER_in_Education_Series OER’S, DL’s, Reuse and Culture: http://jargonyowords.wordpress.com/2006/12/16/questions-about-ocw

Other modules in this course include … Why OER? Finding OER Materials You Can Start Using Now Tagging, Rating, and Reviewing OER Materials My OER Portfolio Submitting Materials to OER Commons OER Licensing and Conditions of Use Students and OER What are Open Textbooks? OER Case Study Glossary This module offered an overview of localization—making content context-specific. The next module, “Students and OER,” will present OER activities you can use with your students.

OER Commons Links For more information about OER Commons, send an email to info@oercommons.org. Use this feedback form to send OER Commons general feedback, a feature request, or information about a bug/problem you had using the site. To see the ever-growing list of the new content providers and contributors to OER Commons, visit the Content Providers page often. You can be one too!

“Quotable Quote” Diversity promotes quality.Shneiderman, B. (2002). Leonardo’s Laptop. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

About This Module The "How Tos" of OER Commons is a set of learning modules evolving out of the development of OER Commons (http://www.oercommons.org), a teaching and learning network for free-to-use educational materials from around the world, created and licensed by the Institute for the Study of Knowledge Management in Education (ISKME). Course contributors are Lisa Petrides, Amee Godwin, and Cynthia Jimes, and online learning consultant, Patricia Delich. For more information, visit http://www.iskme.org and http://elearningnetworks.com.