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About: Frequency Modulation (FM) Mathematics

Module by: Ed Doering. E-mail the author

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Name: Frequency Modulation (FM) Mathematics
ID: m15482
Language: English (en)
Summary: Frequency modulation (FM) in the audio frequency range can create very rich spectra from only two sinusoidal oscillators, and the spectra can easily be made to evolve with time. The mathematics of FM synthesis is developed, and the spectral characteristics of the FM equation are discussed. Audio demonstrations as implemented by LabVIEW VIs illustrate the relationships between the three fundamental FM synthesis parameters (carrier frequency, modulation frequency, modulation index) and the synthesized spectra.
Subject: Science and Technology
Keywords: Bessel function, carrier frequency, FM, frequency modulation, harmonicity ratio, John Chowning, LabVIEW, modulation frequency, modulation index, sidebands, Yamaha DX7
Document Type: -//CNX//DTD CNXML 0.5 plus MathML//EN
License: Creative Commons Attribution License CC-BY 2.0
Authors: Ed Doering (doering@rose-hulman.edu)
Copyright Holders: Ed Doering (doering@rose-hulman.edu)
Maintainers: Ed Doering (doering@rose-hulman.edu), Erik Luther (erik.luther@ni.com), Sam Shearman (sam.shearman@ni.com)
Editors: Erik Luther (erik.luther@ni.com), Sam Shearman (sam.shearman@ni.com)
Latest version: 1.2 (history)
First publication date: Sep 18, 2007 5:13 am GMT-5
Last revision to module: Mar 18, 2008 9:31 am GMT-5
Module XML: m15482_1.2.cnxml

Version History

Version: 1.2 Mar 18, 2008 9:31 am GMT-5 by Ross J. Reedstrom
Changes: 
fixup audio in flash video files
Version: 1.1 Nov 6, 2007 3:23 pm US/Central by Ed Doering
Changes: 
Initial release

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American Chemical Society (ACS) Style Guide:

Doering, E. Frequency Modulation (FM) Mathematics, Connexions Web site. http://cnx.org/content/m15482/1.2/, Mar 18, 2008.

American Medical Assocation (AMA) Manual of Style:

Doering E. Frequency Modulation (FM) Mathematics [Connexions Web site]. March 18, 2008. Available at: http://cnx.org/content/m15482/1.2/.

American Psychological Assocation (APA) Publication Manual:

Doering, E. (2008, March 18). Frequency Modulation (FM) Mathematics. Retrieved from the Connexions Web site: http://cnx.org/content/m15482/1.2/

Chicago Manual of Style (Bibliography):

Doering, Ed. "Frequency Modulation (FM) Mathematics." Connexions. March 18, 2008. http://cnx.org/content/m15482/1.2/.

Chicago Manual of Style (Note):

Ed Doering, "Frequency Modulation (FM) Mathematics," Connexions, March 18, 2008, http://cnx.org/content/m15482/1.2/.

Chicago Manual of Style (Reference, in Author-Date style):

Doering, E. 2008. Frequency Modulation (FM) Mathematics. Connexions, March 18, 2008. http://cnx.org/content/m15482/1.2/.

Modern Languages Association (MLA) Style Manual:

Doering, Ed. Frequency Modulation (FM) Mathematics. Connexions. 18 Mar. 2008 <http://cnx.org/content/m15482/1.2/>.