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Open Textbook Adoption

Module by: Judy Baker. E-mail the author

Summary: Five steps to adopting an Open Textbook for a course.

Note: You are viewing an old version of this document. The latest version is available here.

Open Textbook Adoption

What are Open Textbooks?

Open textbooks "are textbooks that are freely available with nonrestrictive licenses. Covering a wide range of disciplines, open textbooks are available to download and print in various file formats from several web sites and OER repositories. Open textbooks can range from public domain books to existing textbooks to textbooks created specifically for OER. Open textbooks help solve the problems of the high cost of textbooks, book shortages, and access to textbooks as well as providing the capacity to better meet local teaching and learning needs" according to a Module created by Institute for the Study of Knowledge Management in Education (ISKME).

Five steps to adopting an open textbook for your course

Give your students an alternative to expensive textbooks by following these five steps.

Step One: List keywords based on course objectives or student learning outcomes.

Step Two:  Search for open content using the keywords.

Step Three:  Select or create appropriate open content.

Step Four: Organize open content into an open textbook.

Step Five:  Get necessary approvals and disseminate the open textbook to students.

EXAMPLE

Health Course Textbook

A textbook commonly adopted for a Healthy Lifestyles or Health Education course is An Invitation to Health by Hales. This 2007 textbook is 696 pages in length and has a list price of $108.95.  One open textbook alternative is selected content from MedlinePlus.  This content is free for downloading and printing.

Table 1
graphics1.jpg graphics2.png
An Invitation to Health Table of Contents Medline PlusOpen Textbook Equivalent
Chapter 1: Your Invitation to Health Health Literacy Evaluating Health Information
Chapter 2: Changing for Life Healthy Living
Chapter 3: Psychological Health Mental Health
Chapter 4: Personal Stress Management Stress
Chapter 5: The Joy of Fitness Exercise and Physical Fitness
Chapter 6: Personal Nutrition Nutrition
Chapter 7: Taking Control of Your Weight Weight Control
Chapter 8: Communicating and Relating Personality Disorders
Chapter 9: Personal Sexuality Sexual Health
Chapter 10: Reproductive Choices Reproductive Health
Chapter 11: Avoiding Addictive Behaviors and Drug Abuse Drug Abuse
Chapter 12: Alcohol Use, Misuse, and Abuse Alcohol Consumption
Chapter 13: Tobacco Use, Misuse, and Abuse Smoking 
Chapter 14: Defending Yourself Against Infectious Diseases Immunization Infectious Diseases
Chapter 15: Keeping Your Heart Healthy Heart Disease Prevention
Chapter 16: Preventing Cancer and Other Illnesses Cancer
Chapter 17: Health-Care Consumerism and Complementary/Alternative Medicine Complementary and Alternative Medicine Health Fraud
Chapter 18: Healthy Aging and the Circle of Life Seniors Health
Chapter 19: Staying Safe: Preventing Injury, Violence, and Victimization Injuries Safety Domestic Violence
Chapter 20: Working toward a Healthy Environment Environmental Health

Step One

TASK

List keywords based on your course objectives or student learning outcomes.

EXAMPLE

Health Course Textbook

For a typical Healthy Lifestyles or Health Education course, expected outcomes are that students will be able to:

  1. Appraise and assess public attitudes and behavior regarding health and disease.
  2. Recognize, examine and formulate the importance of immunizations.
  3. Recognize and assess public bias towards aging, diabetes, epilepsy, STDs, etc.
  4. Differentiate the major classifications of communicable and non-communicable diseases.
  5. Examine and discuss the role of epidemiology in public health.
  6. Assess and analyze nutritional behavior.
  7. Identify the major means of transmission for communicable diseases.
  8. Identify and examine immunizations in relationship to immunity.
  9. Examine the three levels of health promotion/disease prevention.
  10. Identify, compare, and discuss normal versus abnormal patterns of behavior.
  11. Identify and compare the major classifications of drugs.
  12. Examine and appraise patterns of drug abuse.
  13. Compare cultural health behaviors and suggest associated consequences.

Keywords identified for a Healthy Lifestyles course are:

  • communicable and non-communicable diseases
  • immunizations
  • aging, diabetes, epilepsy, STDs
  • epidemiology
  • public health
  • nutrition
  • immunity
  • health promotion
  • drug abuse
  • cultural health behaviors  

Step Two

TASK

Search for open content using the keywords you have identified. Several resources are available on the Internet that provide teachers with tools to identify and select open content for use in instruction.

Some of these are:

Also, see Discipline-Specific Content Sources, OER Public Domain Textbook Sources, and textbooks listed at OER Commons.

EXAMPLE

In order to locate open content for a health course, use search engines available on trusted U.S. Government sources of health information such as:

Figure 1
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Figure 2
Figure 2 (graphics4.jpg)

Figure 3
Figure 3 (graphics5.png)

Step Three

TASK 

Select or create appropriate open content for your course based on the objectives and keywords.

As you search for OER using these tools and repositories, consider what criteria you will use to select appropriate OER for your own use. 

Make your selection based on criteria such as:

  • Quality of content, literary merit and format
  • Accuracy
  • Timeliness
  • Favorable reviews
  • Permanence/lasting value
  • Authority of author
  • Scope and depth
  • Physical quality
  • Formats available: print, CD-ROM, online, etc.
  • Reading level and writing style
  • Accessibility
  • Language(s)
  • Copyright restrictions on modification and reuse
  • Cultural relevance
    • Cultural factors include race, ethnicity, language, nationality, religion, age, gender, sexual orientation, income level, and occupation.  Ensure that information is relevant to the intended students' social and cultural contexts.

Also, check for ratings, reviews or endorsements of your sources by professional societies and organizations.

EXAMPLE

Health Course Textbook

The open textbook content selected for a health education course from Medline Plus is subject to Quality Guidelines.

Figure 4
Figure 4 (graphics6.png)

To determine quality and reliability of other health sources on the internet, look for the HONcode badge on the website. Websites that adhere to HONcode principles of the HON Foundation can post this badge.  Be sure to verify the authenticity of the badge. 

Figure 5
Figure 5 (graphics7.jpg)

For additional health information that has been reviewed for quality, see the HEAL Reviewed Collection.

Step Four

TASK

Organize open content that you have collected into an open textbook.  If the content you have selected does not comply with ADA Section 508 accessibility requirements and copyright laws, then you will need to modify the content or select other content. 

Accessibility  

Certain accessibility requirements must be addressed when selecting and developing OER for electronic dissemination to students. By law, ADA Section 508, learning materials, including interfaces, images, sounds, multimedia elements, and all other forms of information, must be made available for used by anyone, regardless of disability. Detailed information about accessibility guidelines are available at Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI) and the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA).

Certain accessibility requirements must be addressed when developing OER for electronic dissemination to students.  For example, see Distance Education: Access Guidelines for Students with Disabilities from the Chancellor’s Office California Community Colleges.

By law, ADA Section 508, learning materials, including interfaces, images, sounds, multimedia elements, and all other forms of information, must be made available for used by anyone, regardless of disability.  See this microtutorial about Section 508: http://21cif.imsa.edu/tutorials/micro/mm/508

Detailed information about accessibility guidelines are available at Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI) and the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA).

Copyright

Although documents, pictures, audio and other information are all easy to copy from the Internet, it is your responsibility to understand and respect the laws that protect the author(s) of electronic information. The copyright laws that govern information in all formats are complex. It is impossible to reduce them to a few simple rules. We encourage you to visit the pages listed here. They have been prepared by legal and other experts on the subject of copyright and can help you learn to decide for yourself whether it is appropriate to use electronic information sources in your work.A basic understanding of copyright, fair use, the TEACH Act, and intellectual property is necessary before using and developing OER in order to minimize the risk of violating the law. 

Did you know that the copyright notice © is no longer required for works published after March 1989?  This means that the absence of a copyright notice does not necessarily mean the work is within the public domain. If you are unfamiliar with copyright issues, you are encouraged to visit one or more of the many online tutorials exist which address these topics.

Watch this video clip that addresses the challenges faced by faculty when distributing copyrighted material from various sources: The Case of Dr. No.

Many basic tutorials about copyright are available:

EXAMPLE

Health Course Textbook

The Health Course open textbook alternative content available from MedlinePlus complies with Section 508 accessibility and is available for use under the Copyright Information stated on their website.

Photographs, illustrations, and multimedia selected from the Public Health Image Library (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) generally free for use without copyright restrictions:

  • Most of the images in the collection are in the public domain and are thus free of any copyright restrictions. If you look directly beneath the image you will see a fair use statement that tells you if the image is public domain or copyright protected.
  • Permission is not required for public domain images, but we do ask that you credit the original institution and contributor, when known, whenever the image is used in any publicly distributed media.

Step Five

TASK

Get necessary approvals and disseminate your open textbook for student use in your course. 

Approvals

Get approval from your academic department to use the open textbook in your course. Get your open text on the approved list for articulation purposes with transfer schools, especially if you teach at a community college.

Dissemination

Do-It-Yourself

  • Create a PDF of the open content that you have selected.
  • Email the PDF to your enrolled students. Or post the PDF to your students' course management system course site. If the PDF is too large to email or post, use a free online file storage or file sharing service
  • Students can download and print the PDF or simply view the PDF on their computers

Campus Printshop

  • Create a PDF of the open content that you have selected.
  • Email the PDF to your Printshop per their specifications

Printing Services

  • Create a PDF of the open content that you have selected.
  • Email the PDF to one of the following Printing Services per their specifications

EXAMPLE

Health Course Textbook

Virgil Bourassa and Fred Mednick from Teachers Without Borders posted a 2006 textbook on child health for their Health Education Course at Connexions. The textbook can be easily downloaded as PDF and printed from the site.

Health educator Stacey Hughes uses Lulu to distribute her 2006 book titled: Health & Social Care Teaching Resources.

This Module was developed by Dr. Judy Baker, Director of the Community College Consortium for Open Educational Resources. January 21, 2008.

  • To join the Consortium, please contact Dr. Baker at bakerjudy@foothill.edu
  • For more information about open textbooks and open educational resources, see the Introduction to Open Educational Resources self-paced tutorial.

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