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Nietzsche, Zen, Assassins, and the Mafia: A Discussion of Angel's Dance

Module by: Halley Sanchez, William Frey. E-mail the authorsEdited By: William Frey

Based on: Building an Ethics Module for Business, Science, and Engineering Students by Jose A. Cruz-Cruz, William Frey

Summary: A guide to the viewing and discussion of the movie Angel's Dance as part of the activities used to teach elements and consdquences of Nietzsche's philosophy in an introductory course.

Introduction

Can Nietzsche’s ethics be used to justify the actions of a mafia assassin? The movie Angel’s Dance (1999), half in serious and half in jest, presents just such a situation. While on the one hand it may be considered somewhat of a comedic spoof of certain contemporary avant-garde intellectual ideas associated with Nietzsche’s philosophy and Zen Buddhism, on the other hand it provides an exemplification of a possible interpretation of the ethical consequences of Nietzsche’s philosophy. A viewing and discussion of the movie provides an opportunity for students to become better acquainted with the different elements of Nietzsche’s philosophy and to consider their possible consequences. This module has been used as part of an introduction to ethics course in which different traditional approaches to ethics have been considered, including Aristotle, Kant, Mill, and, of course, Nietzsche.

What you need to know …

Synopsis of the movie

The capo of a Chicago mob, in need of new hit man, sends a young potential hit man (Tony Greco) to California to be trained by a master assassin (Steve Rosellini). Rosellini (a.k.a., “the Rose”) is portrayed as “California-cool.” He lives in a beach house of Japanese decor, believes in reincarnation, spouts Zen Buddhist quips, eats veggie burgers, advocates recycling, and, of course, respects and quotes Nietzsche. The training guide Rosellini hands to Tony is Nietzsche’s Beyond Good and Evil. During the movie we also see Tony having to thumb through other books by Nietzsche, such as The Portable Nietzsche with its distinguishing purple cover. As part of his training Tony must kill an innocent victim picked at random from the telephone book: Angelica (Angel) Chaste. A mortician who works the graveyard shift at a mortuary, Angel is, to say the least, a “strange women.” She is intelligent and very resourceful. Coincidentally, she is also acquainted with Nietzsche’s books. Angel’s resourcefulness and strangeness bode ill for Tony. After Tony bungles his first attempt to kill Angel, she becomes proactive. She changes her appearance, buys a gun and personal body armor, learns to shoot with accuracy, and even makes an attempt to shoot Tony and Steve. As the film progresses we see Tony losing his motivation to kill Angel and in general his desire to be a hit man, while we see Angel assuming the coolness and skills of a professional killer. After killing four of the men who set out to kill her and also killing Tony, who tires to intervene on her behalf and confesses his love for her, Angel teams up with Rosellini and performs the assassination desired by the capo of a wayward accountant turned states evidence. The movie ends with Angel and Rosellini riding off in his sports car and a famous line from the movie Zorba the Greek, another cultural classic: “what is life if not the dance.”

Philosophical background

Students should have a prior acquaintance with some of the basic notions of Nietzsche’s philosophy, such as the will to power, nihilism, the cultural critique of Europe, the “ubermench” (overman or superman), and the eternal recurrence. A good source is Halley Sanchez, Cuatro Enfoques de la Etica: Apuntes para una Introducción a la Etica, but since this book was written in Spanish to aid the understanding of students whose native language is Spanish and since it has not yet been translated into English, the non-Spanish speaking student will have to use some other source. There are many books available on Nietzsche, some of which can be considered introductory. Walter Kaufmann’s Nietzsche is an old classic. Historians of philosophy, such as Frederick Copleston also have chapters on Nietzsche (see Vol. 7, Part II). Contemporary students who unfortunately are more inclined to surfing the internet than to reading books may also access the internet where overviews are available, such as in wikipedia. There are many specialized books on Nietzsche, some of which are esoteric, such as those written by so-called “postmodernists” (e.g., Gilles Deleuze’s Nietzsche and Philosophy), but it is recommended that students leave the reading of such books until they have a basic acquaintance with Nietzsche.

What you will do ...

  • See the movie (outside of class - If the proper permission is obtained, the movie may also be shown at the university)
  • Consider certain questions while viewing the movie (questions provided in the next section)
  • View film clips shown in class (see below)
  • Be prepared to discuss with the group the questions listed above and other aspects of the movie and Nietzsche’s philosophy
  • Write a short paper (2-3 pages) on the relationship between the movie and Nietzsche’s philosophy

Sample questions

  1. How does the movie incorporate elements of Nietzsche’s philosophy? (Be ready to name some of these elements)
  2. Can anyone in the film be identified with the Nietzsche’s Ubermensh (overman)?
  3. What was Angel’s and Tony’s development during the movie?
  4. How does the movie incorporate or exemplify Rosselini's claims to be ethical? How does he justify such a claim? Argue the pros and cons of his claim. How does this claim relate to Nietzsche’s philosophy?
  5. What, if any, is the possible relationship between Nietzsche’s philosophy and Zen Buddhism?
The dialogue of the film clips shown in class is as follows:

1.
 Rosellini	This is for you; this is your study guide [hands Tony a copy of
	Nietzsche’s Beyond Good and Evil]. I want you to read it and I want you 
	to know it.

2.
Tony 		[reading] “Few are made for independence; it is the privilege of the strong.”
Rosellini	“Your biggest hurdle is to not allow society’s morals to be forced upon you.”
Tony	“Your’re a hit man; you.ve got no morals”
Rosellini	“I’m one of the moralist people you’ll every meet.”
Tony	“Oh, the moral hit man!”
Rosellini	“I have morals because I have ethics: a professional standard of conduct.”

3. 
Tony	“This never gets to you at all?
Rosellini	“I believe in reincarnation. Death is not an ending .. it’s part of the journey, part of
the path though life. The type of people I hit, hell they’ll never achieve enlightenment in this life; 
so in many ways I just help them along to the next life.”

4.
Angel	“Steak rare”
Rosellini	“Steak rare, boy, you’re asking for a heart disease.”
Angel	“I know, my father is a doctor. Life is too short not to have what one desires.”
Rosellini	“If one trains one’s conscious it will kiss us as it bites.”
Angel	“A mailman that reads Nietzsche?”
Rosellini	“Nothing is at it seems. It is all a disguise to appease the masses.”
Angel	“One is punished for one’s virtues.”
Rosellini	“That is very good. You and I area lot alike. Friedrich would be proud.”
Angel	“Friedrich wouldn’t give a damn.”

5.
Rosellini	“What is life if not the dance.”
Angel	“Zorba the Greek”
Rosellini	“Uppah”

What did you learn?

Appendix

EAC ToolKit Project

This module is a WORK-IN-PROGRESS; the author(s) may update the content as needed. Others are welcome to use this module or create a new derived module. You can COLLABORATE to improve this module by providing suggestions and/or feedback on your experiences with this module.

Please see the Creative Commons License regarding permission to reuse this material.

Funded by the National Science Foundation: "Collaborative Development of Ethics Across the Curriculum Resources and Sharing of Best Practices," NSF-SES-0551779

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