Funding is Important – Lydia Kavraki (CS) You need to be prepared to address the issue in the long run You need more than a great idea You need to understand the logistics

Funding - Logistics Identify a funding agency and learn everything you can about this agency (the web and your colleagues are good sources) Understand what is the mechanism for submitting a proposal from your institution (“Office of Sponsored Research”) Develop a time frame for writing and proofreading the proposal

1. Funding Opportunities NIH - www.nih.gov CRISP – Database of funded projectshttp://crisp.cit.nih.gov/ NIH Review Criteriahttp://www.csr.nih.gov/guidelines/r01.htm Article: How to get NIH fundinghttp://nextwave.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/2000/10/12/1 NSF - www.nsf.gov CAREER programhttp://www.nsf.gov/home/crssprgm/career/start.htm Engineering Divisionhttp://www.nsf.gov/home/eng/ Article: NSF grant writinghttp://nextwave.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/2000/07/06/8 Private Foundations Office of Naval Research (ONR) and other federal programs NIDRR - The National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research http://www.ed.gov/fund/grant/apply/nidrr/index.html Miscellaneous Funding linksGrantsNet - http://www.grantsnet.org/Science Magazine – search for articleshttp://nextwave.sciencemag.org/Grant writinghttp://www.research.umich.edu/proposals/PWG/pwgcontents.htmlGoogle search for articlesBook – Research Proposals: A Guide to Success (Ogden and Goldberg) IndustrySBIR mechanism (NSF, NIH)Direct Funding from Companies *modified from Kinney, Neptune and Wilson]

2. Your University A proposal needs a budget and appropriate signatures Lead time is typically required Your colleagues can help you understand all that

3. Time Frame Allow time for many drafts Allow time for feedback Allow extra time

Funding is Important You need to be prepared to address the issue in the long run How will you prepare yourself for the next grant? You need more than a great idea You need to be able to communicate and support your idea You need to understand the logistics

Do not Let Funding Consume You Your “growth” as a researcher is essential Publish, collaborate, discuss your ideas, read, be brave and be prepared to fail

NSF, Funding Opportunities and Successful Proposal Writing – Semahat Demir (NSF)

Outline Overview of NSF Different NSF Funding Opportunities NSF’s Priority Areas (NSF-Wide Investment Areas) NSF Merit Review Criteria Tips for Successful Proposal Writing

NSF Vision NSF: Where Discovery Begins Enabling the Nation’s future through discovery, learning and innovation.

Overview Founded in 1950 An independent federal agency Responsible for advancing science and engineering Makes merit-based grants and cooperative agreementsIndividual researchers and groupsColleges, universities, Other institutions: public, private, state, local and federal Does not operate laboratories Peer-review and evaluation of 42,000 proposals (FY05) submitted by science and engineering research and education communities9,800 new awards (success rates are different for different programs)246,000 proposal reviews done

NSF Support as a Percent of Total US Federal Support for Academic Basic Research in Selected Fields Physical Sciences: 40% Engineering: 46% Social Sciences: 52% Environmental Sciences: 54% Biology (excluding NIH): 66% Mathematical Sciences: 77% Computer Science: 86%

Funding Opportunities at NSF Individual ProgramsResearch, education, center programs Priority Areas (Investment Areas for FY)Cross-Programs and Cross-Directorates Cross Disciplinary AreasCross-Programs and Cross-Directorates Interagency ProgramsNSF, and other government agencies

Award (Grant) Types Individual Investigator Initiated Awards CAREER Awards Center Awards SBIR/STTR awards SGER awards Supplements Workshops, conferences

NSF Disciplines & Structure Biological Sciences (BIO) Computer and Information Sciences and Engineering (CISE) Education and Human Resources (EHR) Engineering (ENG)Biomedical Engineering Program Geosciences (GEO) Mathematical and Physical Sciences (MPS) Social, Behavioral And Economic Sciences (SBE) Polar Programs Office of Cyberinfrastructure Office of International Science and Engineering Office of Integrative Affairs

NSF-Wide Investment Areas (FY 06) Nanoscale Science and Engineering Biocomplexity in Environment Human and Social Dynamics Mathematical Sciences Cyberinfrastructure

NSF-Wide Investment Areas (Request for FY 07) Biocomplexity in Environment Climate Change Science Program Cyberinfrastructure Human and Social Dynamics International Polar Year Mathematical Sciences National Nanotechnology Initiative Networking Information Technology R&D

NSF Merit Review Criteria Criteria include: What is the intellectual merit and quality of the proposed activity? What are the broader impacts of the proposed activity?

What is the intellectual merit of the proposed activity? Potential Considerations: How important is the proposed activity to advancing knowledge and understanding within its own field or across different fields? How well qualified is the proposer (individual or team) to conduct the project? (If appropriate, the reviewer will comment on the quality of prior work.) To what extent does the proposed activity suggest and explore creative and original concepts? How well conceived and organized is the proposed activity? Is there sufficient access to resources?

What are the broader impacts of the proposed activity? Potential Considerations: How well does the activity advance discovery and understanding while promoting teaching, training and learning? How well does the activity broaden the participation of underrepresented groups (e.g., gender, ethnicity, disability, geographic, etc.)? To what extent will it enhance the infrastructure for research and education, such as facilities, instrumentation, networks and partnerships? Will the results be disseminated broadly to enhance scientific and technological understanding? What may be the benefits of the proposed activity to society?

Tips for Successful Proposal Writing Determine if your project is relevant to the program Get in touch with the Program Director Program Director: Review PanelsAward/decline recommendationPost management of the awards (progress report) Follow the instructions posted by the agencyFormat, sections, project planAgency’s Review Criteria (NSF Merit Review Criteria)Priority Areas for the agency Respond to a solicitation Deadlines (pre-proposal, letter of intent, full proposal) Additional review criteria and requirements Read “successful” proposals of your colleagues Have your proposal reviewed by collaborators or colleagues before submitting Do not submit on the day of the deadline

How to Obtain Funding: An Assistant Professor’s Guide – Robert M. Raphael

Spirit of the Fighting Irish “To everyone who has ever faced adversity, whether in business, professional or personal life. I admire the person who says: Every day someone does something great. Today that person will be me.” -- Lou Holtz

Writing Great Grants: A Three Step Recipe 1) Choose a significant problem Bonus points if not much work has been done on the problem More bonus points if you have done the important work 2) Leave no question that you can accomplish your aims Established track record of publications Clear and convincing preliminary data 3) Write a clear, easy to read proposal “Calm down, understand the situation and communicate clearly” – We Were Soldiers

Big Hurdles and Pitfalls Navigating the Scylla of building on your accomplishments and the Charybdis of creating new research problems and attacking new research areas, given your situation: Laboratory techniques not yet working Students not yet trained/busy with classes Teaching and other responsibilities Proposing to do too much Not making clear the points and connections that are obvious to you

Final Do’s and Dont’s Do not necessarily assume the person who reviews your grant will be an expert in your area or know why your research is novel The response to a revised NIH grant is very important. Never appear to be angry or emotional. Just stick to the science. If a reviewer got something wrong (which often happens), just lay out the facts. This is hard because you have put so much effort into the grant it’s easy to take comments personally Criticisms are of the science, not of you! Get grants done in advance and have colleagues read them ! Resist the thrill of pulling it off on “third and long”

Acknowledgements Raphael Lab Emily, Yong, Ryan, Jeff, Imran, Jenni, Louise Thanks for Believing in Us! NSF CAREER Whitaker Foundation Texas Advanced Technology Program National Organization for Hearing Research NIH NRSA (Greeson, Organ) NSF-IGERT Keck Center for Computational and Structural Biology DOE Computational Science Graduate Fellowship

So you want someone else to pay for your research? - Joan E. Strassmann (EEB) Ask important, big questions. Have several projects at once. Write clear, well-researched proposals. Collaborate. Identify all possible funding sources and learn their cultures. Don’t let funding consume you. Keep publishing!

Ask important questions Do not redo your Ph.D. or postdoc work. Find a substantially new project if your proposal is rejected twice. Read deeply and broadly (at least 5 articles a day). Be creative. Do not be afraid to do something really different. Talk to lots of people about research.

Do several projects at once Keeps you excited. When one project faces problems, another could be blooming. Increases funding opportunities. Synergy in thinking about different things can suggest novel pathways. Increases your visibility.

Write clear, well-researched proposals The proposal must be impeccable, no typos, clear headers, clear flow from hypotheses to methods. Follow the format of the agency exactly. Include preliminary data and figures. Get sample funded proposals by asking people for them, preferably those not too close to your research. Have several people read your proposal. Leave enough time, at least 3 months.

Collaborate New ideas often come from collaboration. Techniques and approaches can be shared. This is the ONLY way to succeed without turning into a workaholic. Teamwork is fun! Find collaborators from a broader pool than is initially comfortable, and bridge the gaps with frequent meetings. Same-stage collaborators are often best.

Identify all possible funding sources and learn their cultures NSF and NIH are not the only sources of funding. Learn about those grants requiring nominations, and get them. Take advantage of your sponsored research office in learning about private funding.

Keep Publishing The search for funding can be discouraging. Keep trying, but don’t forget to keep publishing anyway. Write up your research quickly. Write a minireview, review, perspective etc. at least every 2 years.

Have fun! It’s a great life!

Compiled by: Semahat Demir (NSF) Lydia Kavraki (CS) Rob Raphael (BIOE) Joan Strassmann (EEB)