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Sampling and Data: Summary

Module by: Barbara Illowsky, Ph.D., Susan Dean. E-mail the authors

Summary: This module is a DRAFT.

Note: You are viewing an old version of this document. The latest version is available here.

Note:

This module is a DRAFT.

Definition 1: Statistics
Deals with the collection, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of data.

Definition 2: Probability
Mathematical tool used to study randomness

Key Terms

  • Population
  • Parameter
  • Sample
  • Statistic
  • Variable
  • Data

Types of DataSampling Methods

Definition 3: Quantitative
A number
  1. Discrete (You count it.)
  2. Continuous (You measure it.)
Definition 4: Qualitative
A category (word(s))
Definition 5: Sampling with Replacement
A member of the population may be chosen more than once.
Definition 6: Sampling without Replacement
A member of the population may be chosen only once.
Definition 7: Random Sampling
Each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected
Definition 8: Random
  1. Simple random sample
  2. Stratified sample
  3. Cluster sample
  4. Systematic sample
Definition 9: Not random
  1. Convenience sample

note:

Samples must be representative of the population from which they come. They must have the same characteristics. However, they may vary but still represent the same population
Definition 10: Frequency (freq. or f)
The number of times an answer occurs
Definition 11: Relative frequency (rel. freq. or RF)
The fraction of times an answer occurs. (It can be converted to a decimal or percent.)
Definition 12: Cumulative relative frequencies (cum. rel. freq. or cum. RF)
An accumulation of the previous relative frequencies

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