In this activity, students practice integer arithmetic and finding and using rules for In-Out tables. They also return to the focus on language and symbolic notation begun in the earlier activities Inside Out and Pulling Out Rules.
The six questions in this activity give students additional opportunities to express the relationships between the In and the Out in an In-Out table representation of a function. Students write algebraic equations for expressing the Out as a function of the In and use their rules to find both the Out given the In and the In given the Out.
Asking students, in effect, to find both y given x and x given y emphasizes the “doing and undoing” aspect of algebraic thinking. The values in these tables also offer students the chance to use their knowledge of integer arithmetic, stressed earlier in the unit in the “hot and cold cubes” activities.
This activity is particularly appropriate for students to begin as a homework assignment.
20 minutes for activity (at home or in class)
30 minutes for discussion
Individuals, then groups, followed by whole-class discussion
Tell students that in this activity, they will look for patterns in more In-Out tables. Some of the tables are tricky and will draw upon their creativity. Students will be asked to write some of their rules as algebraic equations.
Have students convene in groups to briefly share findings and ask each other questions. You might then have the members of various groups begin the discussion by sharing what they noticed in one of the In-Out tables.
Use Questions 2, 3, and 6 to review the usage of the term function. Ask volunteers to talk about how they translated their rules from verbal form into algebraic equations.
Questions 1, 4, and 5 are nonnumeric logic puzzles. The most engaging question in the activity is probably Question 5 (the one with the funny faces). If students are stuck, you might suggest making an In-Out table in which the number of eyes and the number of hairs are both Ins.
| In | Out | |
| Number ofeyes | Number ofhairs | |
| 2 | 2 | 6 |
| 2 | 3 | 11 |
| 3 | 4 | 19 |
| 2 | 5 | ? |
Finding a rule for this table could be left open. Here are two.
Out = 3(number of eyes) + 5(number of hairs) – 10
Out = number of eyes + (number of hairs)²
Both formulas fit all three given rows, but the first formula gives 21 for the missing entry, while the second gives 27.