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About: Reformers or Roadblocks: Educational Interest Groups and State Policy Formation

Module by: Joseph Emerson, Linda Lemasters, Everett Howerton

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Name: Reformers or Roadblocks: Educational Interest Groups and State Policy Formation
ID: m16123
Language: English (en)
Summary: Given the overt political nature of this topic, an additional theoretical postulate, the Triadic Theory of Power was also presented as another framework to conceptualize the external and internal forces which shape the formation of contemporary education policy. Predicated upon the scholarship of Nobel laureate James Q. Wilson, Andrew McFarland (1987) a British scholar and political scientist postulated that legislation and policy development emerged from a continuous conflict between divergent forces such as grassroots political activists, appointed cabinet members, elected legislative representatives, and lobbyists employed by special interest groups. The utilization of either of these theoretical assertions would be extremely beneficial in the event of a partisan shift in any given legislative chamber. This literature review provides the documentation that creating legislation reflective of the electorate’s values is not an easy process for the nation’s cadre of elected officials. With perseverance, these leaders must attempt to maintain state constitutional fiduciary obligations, while securing the revenues necessary for implementing partisan proclivities and constituent programs. Within this system of policy development, the influence of lobbyists representing various special interest groups has created an additional layer of representation in the state capitals.
Subject: Social Sciences
Keywords: Federalist, interest groups, lobbying, policy formation, State legislature
Document Type: -//CNX//DTD CNXML 0.5 plus MathML//EN
License: Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY 2.0)
Authors: Joseph Emerson (jemerson@gwu.edu), Linda Lemasters (lindal@gwu.edu), Everett Howerton (tcreigh@vt.edu)
Copyright Holders: Joseph Emerson (jemerson@gwu.edu), Linda Lemasters (lindal@gwu.edu), Everett Howerton (tcreigh@vt.edu)
Maintainers: Joseph Emerson (jemerson@gwu.edu), Linda Lemasters (lindal@gwu.edu), Everett Howerton (tcreigh@vt.edu), National Council of Professors of Educational Administration (tcreigh@vt.edu)
Version: 1.2 (history)
Created: Apr 24, 2008 11:52 am GMT-5
Revised: May 19, 2008 1:33 pm GMT-5

Version History

Version: 1.2 May 19, 2008 1:33 pm GMT-5 by National Council of Professors of Educational Administration
Changes: 
logo added
Version: 1.1 Apr 28, 2008 8:23 am GMT-5 by National Council of Professors of Educational Administration
Changes: 
First edition

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American Chemical Society (ACS) Style Guide:

Emerson, J.; Lemasters, L.; Howerton, E. Reformers or Roadblocks: Educational Interest Groups and State Policy Formation, Connexions Web site. http://cnx.org/content/m16123/1.2/, May 19, 2008.

American Medical Assocation (AMA) Manual of Style:

Emerson J, Lemasters L, Howerton E. Reformers or Roadblocks: Educational Interest Groups and State Policy Formation [Connexions Web site]. May 19, 2008. Available at: http://cnx.org/content/m16123/1.2/.

American Psychological Assocation (APA) Publication Manual:

Emerson, J., Lemasters, L., & Howerton, E. (2008, May 19). Reformers or Roadblocks: Educational Interest Groups and State Policy Formation. Retrieved from the Connexions Web site: http://cnx.org/content/m16123/1.2/

Chicago Manual of Style (Bibliography):

Emerson, Joseph, Linda Lemasters, and Everett Howerton. "Reformers or Roadblocks: Educational Interest Groups and State Policy Formation." Connexions. May 19, 2008. http://cnx.org/content/m16123/1.2/.

Chicago Manual of Style (Note):

Joseph Emerson, Linda Lemasters, and Everett Howerton, "Reformers or Roadblocks: Educational Interest Groups and State Policy Formation," Connexions, May 19, 2008, http://cnx.org/content/m16123/1.2/.

Chicago Manual of Style (Reference, in Author-Date style):

Emerson, J., Lemasters, L., & Howerton, E. 2008. Reformers or Roadblocks: Educational Interest Groups and State Policy Formation. Connexions, May 19, 2008. http://cnx.org/content/m16123/1.2/.

Modern Languages Association (MLA) Style Manual:

Emerson, Joseph, Linda Lemasters, and Everett Howerton. Reformers or Roadblocks: Educational Interest Groups and State Policy Formation. Connexions. 19 May 2008 <http://cnx.org/content/m16123/1.2/>.