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The Chi-Square Distribution: Summary of Formulas

Module by: Dr. Barbara Illowsky, Susan Dean

Summary: This module provides an summary on formulas used in Chi-Square Distribution as a part of Collaborative Statistics collection (col10522) by Barbara Illowsky and Susan Dean.

formula 1: The Chi-square Probability Distribution

μ=dfμ=df and σ=2dfσ=2df

formula 2: Goodness-of-Fit Hypothesis Test

  • Use goodness-of-fit to test whether a data set fits a particular probability distribution.
  • The degrees of freedom are number of cells or categories - 1number of cells or categories - 1.
  • The test statistic is Σ n ( O E ) 2 E Σ n ( O E ) 2 E , where OO = observed values (data), EE = expected values (from theory), and nn = the number of different data cells or categories.
  • The test is right-tailed.

formula 3: Test of Independence

  • Use the test of independence to test whether two factors are independent or not.
  • The degrees of freedom are equal to (number of columns - 1)(number of rows - 1)(number of columns - 1)(number of rows - 1).
  • The test statistic is Σ ( i j ) ( O - E ) 2 E Σ ( i j ) ( O - E ) 2 E where OO = observed values, EE = expected values, ii = the number of rows in the table, and jj = the number of columns in the table.
  • The test is right-tailed.
  • If the null hypothesis is true, the expected number E = (row total)(column total) total surveyed E= (row total)(column total) total surveyed .

formula 4: Test of a Single Variance

  • Use the test to determine variation.
  • The degrees of freedom are the number of samples - 1.
  • The test statistic is ( n - 1 ) s 2 σ 2 ( n - 1 ) s 2 σ 2 , where nn = the total number of data, s2s2 = sample variance, and σ2σ2 = population variance.
  • The test may be left, right, or two-tailed.

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