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Background Subtraction

Module by: Jeonggoo Song. E-mail the author

Summary: This module presents how background subtraction is applied and what are the mathematical tools being used.

Background Subtraction

What is Background Subtraction?

Background Subtraction is a process to detect a movement or significant differences inside of the video frame, when compared to a reference, and to remove all the non-significant components (background). Background subtraction is applied in many areas, such as surveillance system (to effectively segment the only moving object).

Steps to implement background subtraction

  • Learning Background – we captured ten background frames and calculated the mean(µ) and the standard deviation(σ) with the below equations
  • We assumed the value of the background was iid-normal distribution

Figure 1: calculation of mean and standard deviation. xi is the value at a particular pixel of ith image
Figure 1 (graphics1.png)

Processing Data (real time) – Distinguishing Background and Non-Background Objects

  • First, we set the threshold of background as µ ± 2σ
  • Each pixel in the background -> N ~ (µ, σ), if that pixel is part of the background, its value will lie within µ ± 2σ range 95% of the time.
  • Any pixels that go beyond the threshold are considered as parts of non-background object.
Figure 2: Normal distribution of background pixels
Figure 2 (graphics2.png)

The Below figures are the result of implementing background subtraction

Figure 3: Figure a is the background frame we set. When non-background object is introduced (figure b), we can see the object is segmented out (figure d).
Figure 3 (graphics3.png)

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Definition of a lens

Lenses

A lens is a custom view of the content in the repository. You can think of it as a fancy kind of list that will let you see content through the eyes of organizations and people you trust.

What is in a lens?

Lens makers point to materials (modules and collections), creating a guide that includes their own comments and descriptive tags about the content.

Who can create a lens?

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What are tags? tag icon

Tags are descriptors added by lens makers to help label content, attaching a vocabulary that is meaningful in the context of the lens.

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My Favorites (?)

'My Favorites' is a special kind of lens which you can use to bookmark modules and collections. 'My Favorites' can only be seen by you, and collections saved in 'My Favorites' can remember the last module you were on. You need an account to use 'My Favorites'.

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Definition of a lens

Lenses

A lens is a custom view of the content in the repository. You can think of it as a fancy kind of list that will let you see content through the eyes of organizations and people you trust.

What is in a lens?

Lens makers point to materials (modules and collections), creating a guide that includes their own comments and descriptive tags about the content.

Who can create a lens?

Any individual member, a community, or a respected organization.

What are tags? tag icon

Tags are descriptors added by lens makers to help label content, attaching a vocabulary that is meaningful in the context of the lens.

| External bookmarks