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Relational Operators

Module by: Kenneth Leroy Busbee. E-mail the author

Summary: An introduction to the six common relational operators used in programming.

Overview of the Relational Operators

The relational operators are often used to create a test expression that controls program flow. This type of expression is also known as a Boolean expression because they create a Boolean answer or value when evaluated. There are six common relational operators that give a Boolean value by comparing (showing the relationship) between two operands. If the operands are of different data types, implicit promotion occurs to convert the operands to the same data type.

Definition 1: relational operator
An operator that gives a Boolean value by evaluating the relationship between two operands.

Operator symbols and/or names vary with different programming languages. The C++ programming language operators with their meanings are:

Table 1
C++ Operator Meaning
< less than
> greater than
<= less than or equal to
>= greater than or equal to
== equality (equal to)
!= inequality (not equal to)

Exercise 1

Evaluate the following Boolean expressions:

  1. 9 < 25
  2. 9 < 3
  3. 9 > 14
  4. 9 <= 17
  5. 9 >= 25
  6. 9 == 13
  7. 9 != 13
  8. 9 !< 25

Solution

Answers:
  1. 1
  2. 0
  3. 0
  4. 1
  5. 0
  6. 0
  7. 1
  8. Error, the "not less than" is not a valid operator.

The answers to Boolean expressions within the C++ programming language are a value of either 1 for true or 0 for false.

Be careful.  In math you are familiar with using this symbol = to mean equal and ≠ to mean not equal.  In the C++ programming language the ≠ is not used and the = symbol means assignment.

Demonstration Program in C++

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Download from Connexions: Demo_Relational_Operators.cpp

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