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    By: Siyavula

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Propagation by seeds

Module by: Siyavula Uploaders. E-mail the author

NATURAL SCIENCES

Grade 5

Life and way of living

Module 2

Propagation in plants by means of seeds

ACTIVITY:

To explore propagation in plants by means of seeds

[LO 1.1, LO 1.2, LO 1.3, LO 2.3]

Propagation by seeds

Have you ever wondered why a plant forms seeds?

Collect as many different kinds of seeds (of flowers, trees, grasses, weeds or wild flowers) and paste them in the spaces below. Exchange/swop with a friend to have a diverse range. Write the names beneath the seeds if you happen to know them!

Figure 1
Figure 1 (graphics1.png)

Now try the following

Collect eight bean seeds and four containers. Place two bean seeds between moist cotton wool in each of the three containers. See that the beans are covered by the moist cotton wool. The beans in the fourth container must be wrapped in dry cotton wool!

Place a container in each of the following places:

  1. In a dark cupboard (of which the doors are closed) in a sunny place
  2. In an open container in a sunny place
  3. In a plastic bag that is closed tightly (the seeds are placed in the bag inside the cotton wool), in a sunny place
  4. In a sunny place, but remember to keep the cotton wool DRY at all times!
  1. (a) Wet the cotton wool every day (not in container no. 4), observe daily (at the same time every day) and record your observations:
  2. (b) The beans in container no. 4 cannot germinate because they did not get any

_____________________________________________________________

  1. (a) The beans in container no. 2 ______________________________________ .
  2. (b) Those in the dark cupboard _______________________________________________________________

This means that ______________________, is not necessary for germination,

but that___________________________is needed, which is brought about by the light.

  1. (a) Why did the seeds in the plastic bag not germinate?

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Figure 2
Figure 2 (graphics2.png)
  1. (a) A seed or seedling therefore needs the following to grow :
  1. (i) ________________________________________________
  2. (ii) ________________________________________________
  3. (iii) Did you notice how soft and wrinkled the seed covers become due to all the water? They eventually burst open and the radicle (first root) appears. A few days later the plumule (tiny stem and first leaves) appears. The seed has germinated.
  1. (i) Why does the radicle appear before the plumule?

___________________________________________

___________________________________________

___________________________________________

  1. (i) In which direction does the radicle grow and why?

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

Figure 3
Figure 3 (graphics3.png)

The plumule grows upwards in search of sunlight to enable the plant to produce its own food.

  1. (a) Use a piece of wool/string to measure how much the radicle and plumule grow daily. Make a pen-mark on your piece of wool to mark the length of the radicle/plumule. Now stretch your wool (from where it begins to the pen-mark) along your ruler to get the correct measurement.
Figure 4
Figure 4 (graphics4.png)

DateLength of radicle in mmDateLength of plumule in mm

  1. (a) Now answer the questions that we asked at the beginning: why do plants form seeds?

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

SOMETHING NEW: Monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants

Figure 5
Figure 5 (graphics5.png)

Memorandum

(b) water

(c) germinate

(d) germinate – light

(e) Seeds need air to germinate, and there is too little air in the plastic bag.

(f) (I) air

(ii) water

(iii) warmth

(g)) (i) Why does the radicle appear before the leaf?

To anchor the plant, which is busy developing, in the ground.

(ii) In which direction does the radicle grow?

Down – to anchor – the deeper, the stronger; and to look for

i) water/minerals etc.

Assessment

LEARNING OUTCOME 1:SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATIONSThe learner will be able to act confidently on curiosity about natural phenomena, and to investigate relationships and solve problems in scientific, technological and environmental contexts.

We know this when the learner:

1.1 plans investigations: together with their co-learners, they list knowledge regarding familiar situations and materials and compile investigative questions;

1.2 leads investigations and collects data: execute instructions and procedures that entail smaller sections

1.3 evaluates data and communicates findings: provides feedback on progress in group context and on the final result.

LEARNING OUTCOME 2: CONSTRUCTING SCIENCE KNOWLEDGEThe learner will know and be able to interpret and apply scientific, technological and environmental knowledge.

We know this when the learner:

  • recalls meaningful information: the minimum requirement is to describe the properties and characteristics of objects, substances and organisms in simple terms;
  • categorises information: creates own category of objects and organisms and explains own rule for categorisation;
  • interprets information.

.

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