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Задачи од правоаголни координати на вектор

Module by: Beti Andonovic. E-mail the author

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Summary: solved problems of vectors coordinates решени задачи од правоаголни координати на вектори

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Решени задачи од правоаголни координати на вектори

1. За векторот a={3,4,5}a={3,4,5} size 12{ {a} cSup { size 8{ rightarrow } } = lbrace "3,4,5" rbrace } {}да се определи интензитетот и да се определат аглите што тој вектор ги зафаќа со координатните оски.

Решение.

a=32+42+52=50=52a=32+42+52=50=52 size 12{ lline {a} cSup { size 8{ rightarrow } } rline = sqrt {3 rSup { size 8{2} } +4 rSup { size 8{2} } +5 rSup { size 8{2} } } = sqrt {"50"} =5 sqrt {2} } {}.

Нека αα size 12{α} {}, ββ size 12{β} {} и γγ size 12{γ} {} се аглите што векторот aa size 12{ {a} cSup { size 8{ rightarrow } } } {} ги зафаќа со координатните оски. Тогаш

cosα=3a=352=3210cosα=3a=352=3210 size 12{"cos"α= { {3} over { lline {a} cSup { size 8{ rightarrow } } rline } } = { {3} over {5 sqrt {2} } } = { {3 sqrt {2} } over {"10"} } } {}.

cosβ=4a=452=225cosβ=4a=452=225 size 12{"cos"β= { {4} over { lline {a} cSup { size 8{ rightarrow } } rline } } = { {4} over {5 sqrt {2} } } = { {2 sqrt {2} } over {5} } } {}.

cosγ=5a=552=22cosγ=5a=552=22 size 12{"cos"γ= { {5} over { lline {a} cSup { size 8{ rightarrow } } rline } } = { {5} over {5 sqrt {2} } } = { { sqrt {2} } over {2} } } {}.

2. Нека се дадени точките A(4,-4,2) и B(2,6,-4). Да се определат координатите на векторот ABAB size 12{ { ital "AB"} cSup { size 8{ rightarrow } } } {}, а потоа да се пресмета неговиот интензитет и аглите што тој ги зафаќа со координатните оски.

Решение.

AB={2-4,6+4,-4-2}={-2,10,-6}AB={2-4,6+4,-4-2}={-2,10,-6} size 12{ { ital "AB"} cSup { size 8{ rightarrow } } = lbrace "2-4,6"+"4,-4-2" rbrace = lbrace "-2,10,-6" rbrace } {}.

AB=4+100+36=140=235AB=4+100+36=140=235 size 12{ lline { ital "AB"} cSup { size 8{ rightarrow } } rline = sqrt {4+"100"+"36"} = sqrt {"140"} =2 sqrt {"35"} } {}.

cosα=2AB=2235=3535cosα=2AB=2235=3535 size 12{"cos"α= { { - 2} over { lline { ital "AB"} cSup { size 8{ rightarrow } } rline } } = { { - 2} over {2 sqrt {"35"} } } = { { - sqrt {"35"} } over {"35"} } } {}.

cosβ=10AB=10235=357cosβ=10AB=10235=357 size 12{"cos"β= { {"10"} over { lline { ital "AB"} cSup { size 8{ rightarrow } } rline } } = { {"10"} over {2 sqrt {"35"} } } = { { sqrt {"35"} } over {7} } } {}.

cosγ=6AB=6235=33535cosγ=6AB=6235=33535 size 12{"cos"γ= { { - 6} over { lline { ital "AB"} cSup { size 8{ rightarrow } } rline } } = { { - 6} over {2 sqrt {"35"} } } = { { - 3 sqrt {"35"} } over {"35"} } } {}.

3. Нека точките A(1,-2,0), B(2,1,3) и C(-2,0,5) се темиња на паралелограмот ABCD. Да се одреди четвртото теме D и должината на дијагоналата BD.

Решение.

AB={1,3,3}AB={1,3,3} size 12{ { ital "AB"} cSup { size 8{ rightarrow } } = lbrace "1,3,3" rbrace } {}.

Нека D(d1,d2,d3)D(d1,d2,d3) size 12{D \( d rSub { size 8{1} } ,d rSub { size 8{2} } ,d rSub { size 8{3} } \) } {}.

DC={2d1,0d2,5d3}DC={2d1,0d2,5d3} size 12{ { ital "DC"} cSup { size 8{ rightarrow } } = lbrace - 2 - d rSub { size 8{1} } ",0" - d rSub { size 8{2} } ,5 - d rSub { size 8{3} } rbrace } {}.

Table 1
graphics1.jpg
слика 1

DC=ABDC=AB size 12{ { ital "DC"} cSup { size 8{ rightarrow } } = { ital "AB"} cSup { size 8{ rightarrow } } } {}, па следува

1 = 2 d 1 1 = 2 d 1 size 12{1= - 2 - d rSub { size 8{1} } } {} (1)

3 = d 2 3 = d 2 size 12{3= - d rSub { size 8{2} } } {}

3=5d33=5d3 size 12{3=5 - d rSub { size 8{3} } } {}, т.е.

d1=3d1=3 size 12{d rSub { size 8{1} } = - 3} {}, d2=3d2=3 size 12{d rSub { size 8{2} } = - 3} {}, d3=2d3=2 size 12{d rSub { size 8{3} } =2} {}.

Добиваме D(3,-3,2)D(3,-3,2) size 12{D \( - 3",-3,2" \) } {}.

Оттука, BD={5,4,1}BD={5,4,1} size 12{ { ital "BD"} cSup { size 8{ rightarrow } } = lbrace - 5, - 4, - 1 rbrace } {}.

BD¯=BD=(5)2+(4)2+(1)2=42BD¯=BD=(5)2+(4)2+(1)2=42 size 12{ {overline { ital "BD"}} = lline { ital "BD"} cSup { size 8{ rightarrow } } rline = sqrt { \( - 5 \) rSup { size 8{2} } + \( - 4 \) rSup { size 8{2} } + \( - 1 \) rSup { size 8{2} } } = sqrt {"42"} } {}.

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