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To distinguish the most important groups of materials

Module by: Siyavula Uploaders. E-mail the author

NATURAL SCIENCES

The earth and beyond

Properties and uses of materials

EDUCATOR SECTION

Memorandum

Table 1
TYPE OF MATERIAL Metal Ceramic Glass Plastic Fibre
EXAMPLE Iron copper bricks ornaments bottles ashtrays plastic-bowls cotton polyester

(There can be many other examples)

Assignment 10:

4 (Individual)

The newspaper and flour are wet with water. Then they are mixed to make a new material, paper maché. Through this process a new mixture / compound is created.

By mixing certain materials we can create new products.

(There can be many other examples)

Assignment 11:

4 (Individual)

Table 2
NATURAL MATERIALS SYNTHETIC MATERIALS
cotton, silk, wool linen, etc. polyester, acrylic, viscose, glass fibre

(There can be many other examples)

LEANER SECTION

Content

Activity: To distinguish the most important groups of materials [LO 1.2, LO 1.3, LO 3.2]

  • Materials can be classified in various ways.
  • Let's look at the groups you already know
Table 3
Type of Material Metal: Ceramics: Glass Plastic: Fibre:
Example ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________

Mixtures / Compounds

New products are formed when we combine different materials. We can combine water, milk, sugar and coffee powder to make a cup of coffee. We can also combine substances in various ways by mixing them. The appearance and texture of the product usually differs from the original materials. Another example of a mixture is safety glass. A thin plastic layer is sandwiched between two layers of glass.

ASSIGNMENT 10 (INDIVIDUAL)

  • To make something by combining substances (materials).

When we combine newspaper, flour and water we get papier-mâché. Make your own dinosaur in the following way.

Requirements:

Water

Flour

Metal wire

Pair of pliers

Newsprint

Paint and brushes

String

Procedure:

  • Mix one cup of flour with three cups of water.
  • Stir the mixture until it is smooth and creamy.

How to make a wire framework for the dinosaur.

Figure 1
Figure 1 (graphics1.png)

  • Bend the wire into the shape of a dinosaur with the pair of pliers.
  • Fasten the legs and tail to the body with a piece of string.
  • The frame should be able to stand on its own.

Completion:

  • Tear the newsprint into long strips.
  • Soak the strips in the paste.
  • Use the soaked strips to build onto the wire framework.
  • Allow the figure to dry.
  • Complete the dinosaur by painting it.

Conclusion:

In your own words describe the changes that occurred to the newsprint and the flour.

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

Nowadays most clothes are made from a mixture of materials, for example by combining synthetic and natural fibres.

  • Natural substances: Wool, cotton, silk, etc.

Cotton is light and comfortable, but it creases easily and is difficult to iron.

  • Synthetic substances: are made by humans, for example polyester, acrylic, viscose, glass fibre, etc. One can see these names on the labels of clothes. Have a look at the labels on your clothes.

When polyester is mixed with cotton we get a new mixture, polyester cotton. It washes easily, dries quickly and irons easily. Denim material is also mixed with Lycra, which yields a strong material that can stretch.

ASSIGNMENT 11 (INDIVIDUAL)

  • Look at the labels on your clothes at home and see which materials are used. Try to find as many composite (mixed) materials as possible.
Table 4
Natural Substances Synthetic Substances
__________________________________ __________________________________
__________________________________ __________________________________
__________________________________ __________________________________
__________________________________ __________________________________

More and more materials are being mixed to supply increasing demands. Not all mixtures are manmade however. Bone, for instance, is a natural mixture.

Table 5
MATERIAL MADE FROM USES ADVANTAGES
Bone Calcium phosphate +Protein fibres Skeleton Harder than protein. More flexible than calcium phosphate.
Reinforced concrete Concrete mixture + steel reinforcing rods Construction Stronger than concrete.Cheaper and lighter than steel.
Glass fibre Plastic + glass fibres Boats, caravans Stronger than plastic.Less fragile than glass.
Carbon fibre reinforced with plastic Carbon fibre + plastic Golf clubs, fishing rods, tennis rackets, aircraft parts Cheaper than pure carbon fibre.Much stronger than plastic.
Tyres Rubber + rayon/steel wires Tyres for cars, motor cycles Stronger than rubber.Still elastic and flexible.
Laminated wood Various layers of wood Laminated wood Cheaper than solid wood.Doesn’t warp as easily as solid wood.
  • Identify and research another five examples of mixtures that play an important role in the modern, technological world.

1.___________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

2.___________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

3.___________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

4.___________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

5.___________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

Assessment

Learning Outcome 1:Learners respond confidently to their desire to learn about natural phenomena; they investigate relationships and solve problems within the context of science, technology and the environment.

Assessment Standard 1.2: We know this when the learner conducts investigations and collects data: conducts simple tests or surveys and records observations or responses.

Assessment Standard 1.3: We know this when the learner evaluates data and communicates findings: relates observations and responses to the focus question.

Learning Outcome 3:Learners are able to show understanding of the interrelationships between science and technology, society and the environment.

Assessment Standard 3.2: We know this when the learner understands the impact of science and technology: suggests ways to improve technological products or processes and to minimise negative effects on the environment.

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A lens is a custom view of the content in the repository. You can think of it as a fancy kind of list that will let you see content through the eyes of organizations and people you trust.

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