ACTIVITY 1:

To determine how heat affects water:

[LO 1.2.1; LO 1.2.2; LO 1.2.3; LO 1.3.1; LO 2.1]

An investigation to determine how heat affects water:

Form groups of six and do the following:

an empty plastic bottle

a cork that can be used to close the bottle

a drinking straw

a piece of paper

dye to colour the water

water

a kettle or any other appliance for boiling water

a plastic basin that is big enough to hold the bottle (big enough for two or three bottles).

Write down what you observe.

Discuss what you observe and write down the group’s statement of the events:

Now replace the warm water in the basin with cold water. What happens?

Explain:

Make a sketch of the apparatus and indicate what happened. Supply the necessary captions.

For you to find out:

What can they do to solve the problem? Hint: it has something to do with the petrol tank.

ACTIVITY 2:

To determine how energy affects gases

[LO 1.2.1; LO 1.2.2; LO 1.3.1; LO 2.1]

Select a partner and do the following investigation to determine how energy affects gases.

Figure 1

when it is heated and when it is cooled.

LEARNING OUTCOME 1: SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATIONSThe learner will be able to act confidently on curiosity about natural phenomena and to investigate relationships and solve problems in scientific, technological and environmental contexts.

ASSESSMENT STANDARDS

We know this when the learner:

1.2.1 follows instructions for setting up apparatus and executing observations;

1.2.2 collects data from observation by means of sketches and labels;

1.2.3 perseveres until a result is obtained or continues to observe over an extended period of time;

1.3 evaluates data and communicates findings: provides feedback on progress in group context, as well as the eventual result:

1.3.1 presents data obtained from observation that are relevant to the target question.

LEARNING OUTCOME 2:ConstructinG scienCE knowledgeThe learners will know and be able to interpret and apply scientific, technological and environmental knowledge.

ASSESSMENT STANDARDS

We know this when the learner:

2.1 recalls meaningful information: the minimum requirement is the ability to describe the features and characteristics of objects, materials and organisms in simple terms.

2.1.3 say whether energy can be converted from one form to another.

Activity 1

The coloured liquid moves up into the straw.

The coloured water expands as a result of the heat, because the water particles get more energy and therefore move away further from each other; the glass of the bottle expands much less because solids do not expand as much as liquids; the water rises in the tube.

The coloured water in the tube drops.

The coloured water emits heat to the cold water in the bowl; that means that the energy of the particles decreases; they move less; the volume decreases.

Labels:

1. Thermometer

Labels:

Function:

If the environment in which the thermometer is placed (e.g. a solution) is warm, the liquid in the bulb will absorb heat and expand; the liquid rises in the tube. If the solution is cold, the liquid in the tube will emit heat and shrink and the liquid will drop in the tube.

2. If it becomes warm, the petrol expands. If the tank does not have an opening, the petrol cannot expand and the tank bursts.

Motor manufacturers install a tube near the petrol tank inlet.

Activity 2

5. The bottle becomes distended.

6. There was air in the bottle, therefore it was not really empty; the air absorbed energy in the form of heat, the particles started moving more / collided harder against each other, and the air expanded.

7. The bottle shrinks to its normal size. If the water is very cold, it might even become indented.

8. The air particles lose energy in the form of heat, move less and the air shrinks. If the water is colder than the air was when the lid was screwed on, the bottle will become indented.

9. Air; expands; shrinks.