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Vorms van energie

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NATUURWETENSKAPPE

Graad 5

ENERGIE EN VERANDERING

Module 31

VORMS VAN ENERGIE

AKTIWITEIT 1:

Om tussen verskillende vorms van energie te kan onderskei

[LU 2.1]

  • Jy het reeds in graad 4 bewus geword van die belangrikste bron van energie, naamlik die son.

Die energie van die son bereik ons in die vorm van bestraling, lig en hitte.

Figure 1
Figure 1 (graphics1.png)

Kom ons kyk nou in watter ander vorms energie voorkom.

Energie in gestoorde vorm

Figure 2
Figure 2 (graphics2.png)

Die energie van die son is deur die plant opgeneem en in voedsel gestoor. Energie kom dus in gestoorde vorm in voedsel voor. Diere en mense eet die plant as voedsel en gebruik die energie. Plante wat miljoene jare gelede nie deur diere gevreet is nie, het weens bepaalde omstandighede in steenkool verander. Gestoorde energie kom dus ook in steenkool en olie voor.

Energie word ook in elektriese selle (batterye) gestoor. Wanneer die sel aan 'n gloeilampie gekoppel word, word die energie vrygestel.

Figure 3
Figure 3 (graphics3.png)

Bewegingsenergie

Figure 4
Figure 4 (graphics4.png)

Energie kan gebruik word om beweging te laat plaasvind, byvoorbeeld 'n mens wat hardloop, 'n wiel wat rol of 'n enjin wat loop. Ons kan ook van meganiese energie praat.

Klankenergie

Figure 5
Figure 5 (graphics5.png)

Klank bereik jou oor in die vorm van golwe in die lug. Die golwe laat jou oordrom vibreer en jou brein neem die vibrasie waar as klank. Ons kan van die energie wat die vibrasie veroorsaak, praat as klankenergie.

Elektriese energie

Figure 6
Figure 6 (graphics6.png)

'n Elektriese stroom is 'n hoeveelheid energie wat van een punt na 'n ander vloei en die sterkte van die stroom (hoeveelheid energie) word in ampères (A) gemeet.

Atoomenergie

Figure 7
Figure 7 (graphics7.png)

Jy het beslis al van kernkrag en kernkragsentrales gehoor. Kernkrag verwys na die energie wat in atome voorkom. Atome is die kleinste deeltjies waaruit 'n stof opgebou is. 'n Stof is iets wat sigbaar is of iets wat massa het en geweeg kan word, byvoorbeeld goud, water en koper. Het jy al gehoor van uraan?

Die omskakeling van energie van een vorm na 'n ander

Jy het nou iets geleer oor verskillende vorms waarin energie voorkom. Dink jy energie wat in 'n bepaalde vorm voorkom, kan na 'n ander vorm omgeskakel word? Gebruik twee van die voorbeelde wat ons gebruik het om hierdie vraag te beantwoord.

Assessering

LU 2

KONSTRUKSIE VAN WETENSKAPKENNISDie leerder ken, interpreteer en pas wetenskaplike, tegnologiese en omgewingskennis toe.

Dit is duidelik wanneer die leerder:

  • betekenisvolle inligting onthou: ten minste eie vlotste taal gebruik om voorwerpe, materiaal en organismes te noem en te beskryf.

Memorandum

Omskakeling van energie: Ja. Daar is baie voorbeelde, bv.

Sonligenergie wat deur plante gebruik word vir voedsel. Dus hitte-/lig-/stralingsenergie omgeskakel na gestoorde energie;

Energie in gestoorde vorm kan na enige ander vorm omgeskakel word;

Elektriese energie word omgeskakel na lig-/warmte-energie;

Elektriese energie kan omgeskakel word na klankenergie;

Atoomenergie kan na elektriese energie omgeskakel word.

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