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    This module and collection are included inLens: Siyavula: Natural Sciences (Gr. 4-6)
    By: Siyavula

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Om die belangrikste groepe materiale uit te ken

Module by: Siyavula Uploaders. E-mail the author

NATUURWETENSKAPPE

Materie en Stowwe

Eienskappe en gebruike van materie

OPVOEDERS AFDELING

Memorandum

Tabel 1
TIPEMATERIAAL METAAL KERAMIEK GLAS PLASTIEK VESEL
VOORBEELD ysterkoper steneornamente bottelsasbakkies plastiek-bakkies katoenpoliëster
  • (Daar kan nog baie ander voorbeelde wees).

Opdrag 10:

  • (Individueel)
Tabel 2
Die koerantpapier en meel is natgemaak met water. Daarna is dit gemeng om ‘n nuwe stof, nl. papierpap(mâché) te kry. Deur hierdie proses het ons ‘n nuwe mengsel / mengelstof verkry.
Deur sekere stowwe te meng, kan ons nuwe produkte verkry.
  • (Daar kan nog baie ander antwoorde wees).

Opdrag 11:

  • (Individueel)
Tabel 3
NATUURLIKE STOWWE SINTETIESE STOWWE
katoen, sy, wol, linne, ens. poliëster, akriel, viskose, glasvesel, ens.
  • (Daar kan nog baie ander voorbeelde wees).

LEERDER AFDELING

Inhoud

AKTIWITEIT: Om die belangrikste groepe materiale uit te ken [LU 1.2, LU 1.3, LU 3.2]

  • Materiale kan op verskillende maniere geklassifiseer word.
  • Kom ons kyk watter groepe julle reeds ken.
Tabel 4
Tipe Materiaal Metaal: Keramiek: Glas: Plastiek: Vesel:
Voorbeeld ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________

Mengsels / Mengelstowwe

Nuwe produkte word gevorm wanneer ons verskillende soorte materie kombineer. Ons kombineer bv. water, melk, suiker en koffiepoeier om ‘n koppie koffie te maak. Ons kan stowwe ook op verskillende maniere kombineer deur dit te meng. Die voorkoms en tekstuur van die produk verskil gewoonlik van die oorspronklike stowwe. Nog ‘n voorbeeld van ‘n mengsel is veiligheidsglas. In hierdie geval word dun plastieklagies tussen lae glas gesmelt.

Opdrag 10 (Individueel)

  • Om iets te maak deur stowwe (materiale) te kombineer.

Wanneer ons koerantpapier, meel en water kombineer, kry ons papier-mâché om dinge mee te maak. Maak nou jou eie dinosourus op die volgende manier:

Benodigdhede:

Water

Meel

Metaaldraad

Tang

Koerantpapier

Verf en kwaste

Tou

Stappe:

  • Meng een koppie meel met drie koppies water.
  • Roer die mengsel totdat dit glad en romerig is.

Hoe om ‘n draadraam vir die dinosourus te maak:

Figuur 1
Figuur 1 (graphics1.png)

  • Bend the wire into the shape of a dinosaur with the pair of pliers.
  • Fasten the legs and tail to the body with a piece of string.
  • The frame should be able to stand on its own.
  • Buig die draad in die vorm van die dinosourus met ‘n tang.
  • Heg die voorbene, agterbene en stert aan die lyf met ‘n stukkie tou.
  • Die raam moet op sy eie kan staan as dit voltooi is.

Voltooiing:

  • Skeur die koerantpapier in lang stroke.
  • Week hierdie stroke koerantpapier in die pasta.
  • Gebruik die deurweekte stroke om die draadraam op te bou.
  • Laat die figuur droog word.
  • Voltooi jou dinosourus deur dit te verf.

Gevolgtrekking:

Beskryf in jou eie woorde watter veranderinge die koerantpapier en meel ondergaan het.

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Die meeste klere word deesdae ook van ‘n mengsel van stowwe vervaardig. Ons kombineer bv. sintetiese stowwe met natuurlike stowwe.

  • Natuurlike stowwe: wol, katoen, sy, ens.

Katoen is lig en gemaklik, maar dit kreukel maklik en is swaar om te stryk.

  • Sintetiese stowwe: word deur die mens vervaardig, bv. poliëster, akriel, viskose, glasvesel, ens. Ons kan hierdie name op die etikette van klere sien. Kyk gerus na die etikette wat op jou klere aangebring is deur fabrieke!

Wanneer katoen met poliëster gemeng word, kry ons ‘n nuwe mengsel, nl. poliëster-katoen – dit was maklik, word vinnig droog en stryk makliker, bv. hemde. Denimmateriaal word ook deesdae gemeng met lycra en lewer ‘n sterk materiaal wat kan rek, bv. jeans.

Opdrag 11 (Individueel)

  • Kry etikette wat aan sommige van jou kledingstukke by die huis is en ontleed die materiale waarvan die kledingstukke gemaak is. Probeer om so veel as moontlik mengselstowwe te kry en ontleed dit as volg:
Tabel 5
Natuurlike Stowwe Sintetiese Stowwe
__________________________________ __________________________________
__________________________________ __________________________________
__________________________________ __________________________________
__________________________________ __________________________________

Die mens begin al hoe meer stowwe meng om aan verskillende behoeftes te voldoen. Nie alle mengsels is egter mensgemaak nie. Been is bv. ‘n natuurlike mengsel.

Tabel 6
MATERIAAL VERVAARDIG VAN GEBRUIKE VOORDELE
Been Kalsiumfosfaat +proteïenvesels Geraamtes Harder as proteïen.Meer buigbaar as kalsiumfosfaat.
Gewapende beton Betonmengsel + versterkte staal-stawe Konstruksie Sterker as beton.Goedkoper en ligter as staal.
Veselglas Plastiek + veselglas Bote, karavane Sterker as plastiek.Minder breekbaar as glas.
Koolstofvesel versterk met plastiek Koolstofvesel + plastiek Golfstokke, vis-stokke, tennis-rakette, vliegtuig-onderdele Goedkoper as suiwer koolstofvesel.Baie sterker as plastiek.
Motorbande Rubber + rayon/staaldrade Buitebande vir motors, motorfietse Sterker as rubber.Nog steeds elasties en buigbaar.
Gelamineerde hout Verskillende lae van houtsoorte Laaghout Goedkoper as soliede hout.Trek nie so maklik krom nie.
  • Doen ‘n bietjie navorsing en identifiseer nog vyf voorbeelde van mengsels wat ‘n belangrike rol in ons moderne, tegnologiese wêreld speel.

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Assesering

Leeruitkomste 1:Die leerder is in staat om met selfvertroue op weetgierigheid oor natuurlike verskynsels te reageer, en om binne die konteks van wetenskap, tegnologie en die omgewing verbande te ondersoek en probleme op te los.

Assesseringstandaard 1.2:Dit is duidelik wanneer die leerder ondersoeke uitvoer en data versamel;

Assesseringstandaard 1.3:Dit is duidelik wanneer die leerder data evalueer en bevindings kommunikeer.

Leeruitkomste 3:Die leerder is in staat om begrip van die onderlinge verband tussen wetenskap en tegnologie, die samelewing en die omgewing te toon.

Assesseringstandaard 3.2:Dit is duidelik wanneer die leerder die impak van wetenskap en tegnologie verstaan.

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