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Inside Collection (Course): Economic and Management Sciences Grade 6
These are industries that have to do with the exploitation of raw materials found in nature.
This involves factories that manufacture goods, i.e. industries that are involved with the conversion of raw materials into goods.
These are the businesses that render the services to supply the products to the consumer or transport the products to the consumer (marketing and distribution).
Arrange the following industries under the appropriate headings:
banks, a canningfactory, a wheatfarm, a supermarket, a hairsalon, a sweetfactory, a fishery, an estateagent, a fruitfarm, a cattlefarm, pineplantations, a wholesaler, the police, the municipality, hospitals, schools.
| Primary | Secondary | Tertiary |
[LO 2.1]
Because there are three types of industry, it is possible for us to say that a product goes through three stages of production. All products undergo these three stages of production, which are
This is called the PRODUCTION CHAIN. The price increases at each link in the chain. When one of your parents therefore buys a can of preserved peaches, she or he is paying for the work of the farmer, the manufacturer, the transporter, the wholesaler and the shop owner.
Look at the following flow chart that describes how tart apples are produced. Identify the primary, secondary and tertiary stages of production.
| Apples are harvested in an apple orchard on a farm. | ||
| In the canning factory the apples are processed to become tart apples. | ||
| The can of tart apples is transported to the wholesaler. | ||
| The retailer buys it from the wholesaler. | ||
| He transports it to his shop. | ||
| He sells it to his client (the consumer). |
[LO 2.1]
Use pictures from old magazines and newspapers to make a poster showing the differences between the primary, secondary and tertiary stages of production. You must therefore paste pictures of products representing the different stages.
[LO 2.1]
Ask your educator to arrange a class visit to a local industry. After the visit draw a flow chart with labels indicating the PRODUCTION LINE through which the raw materials pass to eventually become the final product.
[LO 2.1]
The cost of production
To manufacture goods, the producer needs materials, labour and capital. Manufacturing costs money, because each of the inputs must be paid for. Two main costs are involved, namely direct and indirectcosts.
What are directcosts? These are the materials and labour needed to manufacture things. These direct costs vary according to the amount of items produced
What are indirectcosts? These are expenses such as advertising and telephone accounts that cannot be directly linked to the production process. Some of these indirect costs are fixed amounts which are paid monthly, e.g. rent, interest and salaries. Others differ from month to month and depend on the amount of water and electricity that is used, as well as the amount of telephone calls that are made.
When you want to sell a product that you have made, you must sell it for more money than it has cost you to make it. You must therefore work out what it will cost to make before you make a product. These costs are the PRODUCTION COSTS. You must also work out the production costs for services which you wish to render.
Hint to the educator: Let learners do the next assignment in groups.
Let each group choose a different item.
You are a keen soccer/rugby/hockey player and you practice with the boys at the school for an hour every Monday and Wednesday. Because of the punishing programme that the coach subjects the players to, everyone is exhausted after the session and everyone stands in a queue to get water from one of the two taps alongside the rugby field. Immediately you recognise the opportunity of selling iced lollies to the players at the end of the session - with the coach’s approval, of course.
You test their opinions and find out that the majority of the approximately 30 players will support you at least once a week. Now you have got to get to work. Luckily some of your friends have offered their help.
Visit at least five different wholesalers/retailers/supermarkets/shops that sell lollies and then fill in the following table:
| Name of business | Number of units per pack | Price | Price per unit |
(NB Each member of the group has to visit a shop)
At which shop are you going to buy your goods – and why?
How much must you charge for each item if you want to make 50% profit on each item that you sell?
How much profit are you making per item?.
If you decide to buy 40 items each week, how much will you pay?
How many units will you be buying?
What about your group attempting to make this scheme a reality? Let your dreams take wing and fly!
| Learning Outcomes(LOs) |
| LO 1 |
| THE ECONOMIC CYCLEThe learner is able to demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the economic cycle within the context of the economic problem. |
| Assessment Standards(ASs) |
| We know this when the learner : |
| 1.1 describes the roles of households, businesses and government in the economic cycle; |
| 1.2 compares the rights and responsibilities of each of the participants in the production and consumption of resources and services. |
| LO 2 |
| SUSTAINABLE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENTThe learner will be able to demonstrate an understanding of sustainable growth, reconstruction and development, and to reflect on related processes. |
| We know this when the learner : |
| 2.1 researches and analyses standards of living and patterns of consumption in modern societies where people specialise and trade to satisfy needs and wants. |
Assignment 1
Assignment 2
Assignment 3
Assignment 4
Assignment 5
Assignment 6 – 9
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Last edited by Siyavula Uploaders on Apr 27, 2009 3:54 pm -0500.