1. Low life expectancy – is measured against the average age that the individual is expected to reach.
Complete and study the following table:
| N/S | Country | Life expectancy in years |
| .....N...... | Canada | 78,8 |
| .......... | Britain | 77,8 |
| .......... | USA | 77 |
| ......... | Brazil | 67,7 |
| ....S..... | South Africa | 52,1 |
| ......... | Angola | 45,2 |
| ......... | Zimbabwe | 42,9 |
| ......... | Mozambique | 39 |
Activity 1:
To draw conclusions from statistics
[LO 1.2, 1.5, 2.2]
Have a group discussion and write a short paragraph on your findings.
developed countries allocate a great deal of money to the health services budget, therefore fewer babies die at birth and in early infancy. more people have a longer life expectansy in these countries, because they have access to good preventative medical care.
2. Low standard of education
Education and training determine the standard according to which the population of a country functions and produces goods and services. One must remember that there are approximately 80 million children in the poor South who do not go to school at all, therefore one can understand why poor countries are faced with unemployment. Without the necessary training people cannot be prepared for a vocation. This means that such people have no chance of improving their own conditions.
3. Poor health care
The percentage of a country’s budget that is allocated to health services largely determines the standard of health care in that country. If we consider the average percentage of 4% in developing countries as opposed to the 96% in developed countries as shown on the graph on page 12, it is easy to understand why the hospitals in many poor countries are in such a shocking condition. There are simply not enough doctors and facilities for the number of inhabitants of the countries.
Interesting statistics
| Quota of patients per medical doctor | |
| Developed European country (N) | 1:250 |
| Developing African country (S) | 1:20 000 |
4.. Unemployment
Have you seen this somewhere?
Over-population and low literacy are some of the main causes of unemployment. Everybody would like to have a job in order to make money to earn a living. People who are unemployed cannot be self-supporting and therefore they are unable to make any contribution to the economy of the country.
5. Poor nutrition and limited access to safe water
Only 43% of the world’s food production comes from countries that accommodate 80% of the global population. This, together with the low life expectancy and inadequate education and training, as well as insufficient industries, provides a recipe for malnutrition (a condition that arises when people do not eat enough nourishing food). Approximately 30% of the children in the poor South do not have enough food to eat every day.
In developing countries many people are dependent on a stream or a river for their daily supply of fresh water. The water from these sources is not always safe and clean and if people use the water just as it is, it could lead to outbreaks of diseases such as cholera, which cause many deaths every year.
Water facts
What is safe water? Find out!
6. Overpopulation
The population grows much faster in developing countries than in developed countries.
The population in Africa south of the Sahara is growing much too fast! According to one calculation there will be a tenfold growth in the population of Africa in the century between 1950 and 2050!
It is very important to keep in mind that on a continent such as Africa a tenfold growth in population will mean that there could possibly be a tenfold increase in the problems of the continent as well!
Remember that it is not the population alone that will increase – at the same time there is a great increase in the need for food, educational opportunities, housing, energy and job opportunities. Various social, political, economic and ecological problems also increase at the same rate.
7. Poverty
Poverty means being hungry. Poverty means having no shelter. Poverty means being ill and having no doctor or proper medical care. Poverty means having no access to a school, and not being able to read. Poverty means being unemployed; living in fear of the future – one day at a time.
In most of the developing countries there is an enormous disparity (gap) between the rich and the poor.
Is poverty obvious in your area? How does one notice it? Have group discussions on possible ways in which to tackle the problem of poverty in your immediate environment. Try to generate suggestions that will provide relief in the long term; recommend plans that will bring about meaningful change and do more than merely feed the children for one day.
B. How can developed countries help the developing countries?
| Learning Outcomes(LOs) |
| LO 1 |
| GEOGRAPHICAL ENQUIRYThe learner will be able to use enquiry skills to investigate geographical and environmental concepts and processes. |
| Assessment standards(ASe) |
| We know this when the learner: |
|
| LO 2 |
| GEOGRAPHICAL KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDINGThe learner will be able to demonstrate an environmental knowledge and understanding. |
| We know this when the learner: |
| 2.2 identifies how access to different kinds of resources influences development in different places; |
| LO 3 |
| EXPLORING ISSUESThe learner will be able to make informed decisions about social and environmental issues and problems. |
| We know this when the learner: |
|
Memorandum
Activity 1:
Shortage of natural resources
S – developing (colonisation)
N – developed – high level of service