m22871 To be able to do mental arithmetic 1.1 2009/05/03 04:17:09.500 GMT-5 2009/05/03 04:35:07.898 GMT-5 Helen Saayman Helen Saayman mark.horner@shuttleworthfoundation.org Helen Saayman Helen Saayman mark.horner@shuttleworthfoundation.org Helen Saayman Helen Saayman mark.horner@shuttleworthfoundation.org Mathematics and Statistics en

2. Subtraction 3.1 8 3.2 28 3.3 47 3.4 40 3.5 340 3.6 3 580 3.7 18 200 3.8 18 050 3.9 10 250 3.10 8 250 3.11 18 3.12 14 3.13 8 3.14 12 3.15 45 3.16 450 3.17 350 25 000 3.19 1 500 3.20 250 Leaner Section

1. It is often necessary for us to be able to add or subtract quickly. We must always try to find "shortcuts" for mental arithmetic. Can you think of a quick way of subtracting 9 from a number, for instance? (See who in your class has got the most effective method for this!) 2. Now are you ready for action? Subtract 9 from the following numbers. Find the matching answer in the wheel and write the letter that is paired with it in the space below, to show what this learning unit covers! 18 31 22 47 25 34 24 47 43 26 14

Write your answer here: _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ Do you still recognise these? In 468 – 231 = 237 we refer to 468 as the minuend 231 as the subtrahend 237 as the difference Thus: 468 - 231 = 237 minuend subtrahend difference Do you also remember? The INVERSE (reverse calculation) of subtraction is ADDITION. If you therefore want to check a subtraction sum, you can add. 3. Let’s practise your skills in mental arithmetic again! Subtract the following as quickly as possible. If you know your place values (refer to Learning Unit 1) it will be child’s play. 2.1 17 – 9 = _________________ 2.2 37 – 9 = _________________ 2.3 97 – 50 = _________________ 2.4 97 – 57 = _________________ 2.5 360 – 20 = _________________ 2.6 3 600 – 20 = _________________ 2.7 18 250 – 50 = _________________ 2.8 18 250 – 200 = _________________ 2.9 18 250 – 8 000 = _________________ 2.10 18 250 – 10 000 = _________________ 2.11 _________________ – 9 = 9 2.12 _________________ – 8 = 6 2.13 21 – _________________ = 13 2.14 42 – _________________ = 30 2.15 90 – _________________ = 45 2.16 900 – _________________ = 450 2.17 900 – _________________ = 550 2.18 _________________ – 6 000 = 19 000 2.19 21 500 – _________________ = 20 000 2.20 25 750 – _________________ = 25 500 Complete by ticking in the applicable column. NOT AT ALL ONLY A LITTLE A LOT VERY MUCH I struggle to subtract quickly and accurately I struggle to subtract quickly I struggle to subtract correctly

Learning Outcome 1: The learner will be able to recognise, describe and represent numbers and their relationships, and to count, estimate, calculate and check with competence and confidence in solving problems. Assessment Standard 1.9: We know this when the learner performs mental calculations.