About: Longitudinal Literature Review on Grade Retention

Module by: Bret Range, John Pijanowski, Carleton R. Holt. E-mail the authors

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Metadata

Name:	Longitudinal Literature Review on Grade Retention
ID:	m23605
Language:	English (en)
Summary:	This review of the literature on the effectiveness of student retention focuses on longitudinal studies. The paper is organized into four major sections that cover a brief introduction to the retention literature, studies showing a negative impact on children, studies showing a positive impact, and research that has come out of two hotbeds of retention research: Texas and Chicago. The literature tends to show that the negative effects of retention on children outweigh the positive and that the benefits of retention are often short-lived.
Subject:	Social Sciences
Keywords:	early childhood, education leadership, grade retention, intervention, longitudinal
License:	Creative Commons Attribution License CC-BY 3.0

Authors:	Bret Range (brange@spsmail.org), John Pijanowski (jpijanow@uark.edu), Carleton R. Holt (cholt@uark.edu)
Copyright Holders:	Bret Range (brange@spsmail.org), John Pijanowski (jpijanow@uark.edu), Carleton R. Holt (cholt@uark.edu)
Maintainers:	National Council of Professors of Educational Administration (tcreigh@vt.edu)

Latest version:	1.1 (history)
First publication date:	May 19, 2009 7:52 am -0500
Last revision to module:	May 20, 2009 6:58 am -0500

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Version History

Version:	1.1 May 20, 2009 6:58 am -0500 by National Council of Professors of Educational Administration
Changes:	1st

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American Chemical Society (ACS) Style Guide:

Range, B.; Pijanowski, J.; Holt, C. Longitudinal Literature Review on Grade Retention, Connexions Web site. http://cnx.org/content/m23605/1.1/, May 20, 2009.

American Medical Assocation (AMA) Manual of Style:

Range B, Pijanowski J, Holt C. Longitudinal Literature Review on Grade Retention [Connexions Web site]. May 20, 2009. Available at: http://cnx.org/content/m23605/1.1/.

American Psychological Assocation (APA) Publication Manual:

Range, B., Pijanowski, J., & Holt, C. (2009, May 20). Longitudinal Literature Review on Grade Retention. Retrieved from the Connexions Web site: http://cnx.org/content/m23605/1.1/

Chicago Manual of Style (Bibliography):

Range, Bret, John Pijanowski, and Carleton Holt. "Longitudinal Literature Review on Grade Retention." Connexions. May 20, 2009. http://cnx.org/content/m23605/1.1/.

Chicago Manual of Style (Note):

Bret Range, John Pijanowski, and Carleton Holt, "Longitudinal Literature Review on Grade Retention," Connexions, May 20, 2009, http://cnx.org/content/m23605/1.1/.

Chicago Manual of Style (Reference, in Author-Date style):

Range, B., Pijanowski, J., & Holt, C. 2009. Longitudinal Literature Review on Grade Retention. Connexions, May 20, 2009. http://cnx.org/content/m23605/1.1/.

Modern Languages Association (MLA) Style Manual:

Range, Bret, John Pijanowski, and Carleton Holt. Longitudinal Literature Review on Grade Retention. Connexions. 20 May 2009 <http://cnx.org/content/m23605/1.1/>.