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Balke, pilare, stutte en dwarsbalke

Module by: Siyavula Uploaders. E-mail the author

TEGNOLOGIE

Graad 8

STRUKTURE

Module 5

BALKE, PILARE, STUTTE, DWARSBALKE EN ANKERDRADE

Balke, pilare, stutte, dwarsbalke en ankerdrade:

  • Bogenoemde is belangrike dele van strukture. Hulle word gebruik in geboue, brûe en verskillende items, bv. die pype van jou fiets se raam wat in die balkekategorie val.
  • Balke se funksie is hoofsaaklik om vrag te dra. Indien die vrag te swaar is, sal die balk buig. In die ou dae is boomstamme gebruik as soliede balke, maar a.g.v. die koste en gewig daarvan word daar vandag van ander strukture met ‘n verskeidenheid vorms en bestaande in ‘n verskeidenheid materiale, as balke gebruik gemaak.

Figure 1
Figure 1 (Picture 1.png)

  • Selfs pilare en lamppale is balke wat in ‘n vertikale posisie is. Pilare is baie nuttig by geboue om bv. stoepe wat oorhang te stut. Indien die pilare nie die gewig kan dra nie, sal die gebou inmekaar val. Ons hoor soms van geboue, veral groot komplekse soos winkelsentrums, wat ineenstort a.g.v. swak konstruksies.
  • Baie van ons televisiestelle is op ‘n stellasie teen die muur gemonteer. Jy sal tog verstaan dat die televisie spanning sal veroorsaak op die platform wat in werklikheid ‘n balk is. Omdat die balk net aan die een ent gestut word, is dit ‘n dwarsbalk. Om die dwarsbalk in posisie te probeer hou, word ‘n stut ingevoeg vir ondersteuning.
Figure 2
Figure 2 (Picture 2.png)
  • Soortgelyke stutte vind ons ook by tente en kragdrade. In hierdie gevalle word die stutte deur kabels en toue gevorm.
Figure 3
Figure 3 (Picture 3.png)
  • Die skets hieronder toon hoe ‘n leerder sy brug (balk) van strooitjies versterk het deur van ‘n stut en tou gebruik te maak.
Figure 4
Figure 4 (Picture 4.png)

Opdrag 5

  • Kyk na die volgende illustrasies en beskryf hoe verskillende kulture tegnologie gebruik het om hul probleme op te los:
    Figure 5
    Figure 5 (Picture 5.png)
    Pyl en boog van Khoi
    Figure 6
    Figure 6 (Picture 6.png)
    Kruisboog van Europeërs
    Figure 7
    Figure 7 (Picture 7.png)
    Figure 8
    Figure 8 (Picture 8.png)
    Spies en skild van Zoeloes
    Figure 9
    Figure 9 (Picture 9.png)
    Swaard
    Figure 10
    Figure 10 (Picture 10.png)
    Ronde Zoeloehut
    Figure 11
    Figure 11 (Picture 11.png)
    Rondawelhutte van Xhosas
Table 1
         
  LU 3.1      
         
Figure 12
Figure 12 (Picture 12.png)

Spitsdakvissershuisies

Opdrag 6

  • Verwys na die volgende en beskryf die impak wat tegnologiese ontwikkeling ten opsigte van strukture al op mense se lewenswyses gehad het:
  • Wolkekrabbers
  • Vliegtuie
  • Dakkappe
  • Treinspore en treine
  • Brûe
Table 2
         
  LU 3.2      
         

Assessering

Table 3
LU 3
tegnologie, samelewing en die omgewing Die leerder is in staat om begrip van die onderlinge verband tussen wetenskap, tegnologie, die samelewing en die omgewing oor tyd heen te toon.
Dit is duidelik wanneer die leerder:
inheemse Tegnologie en Kulture:3.1 vergelyk hoe verskillende kulture gelyksoortige probleme opgelos het en bring die verskille in verband met die kultuur en waardes van die samelewings;
impak van Tegnologie:3.2 verduidelik en gee besonderhede oor die positiewe en negatiewe uitwerking wat tegnologiese produkte op mense se lewensgehalte en hul omgewing het.

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Definition of a lens

Lenses

A lens is a custom view of the content in the repository. You can think of it as a fancy kind of list that will let you see content through the eyes of organizations and people you trust.

What is in a lens?

Lens makers point to materials (modules and collections), creating a guide that includes their own comments and descriptive tags about the content.

Who can create a lens?

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What are tags? tag icon

Tags are descriptors added by lens makers to help label content, attaching a vocabulary that is meaningful in the context of the lens.

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