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Name: Analog Electronics Lecture 1_Independent and Controlled Sources.
ID: m29189
Language: English (en)
Summary: A battery or power socket in our household is an independent source of electric energy. The output of this source is independent of any other electrical parameter in the circuit in which the independent source is being used. Active Devices such as Vacuum Triode, Tetrode, Pentode, Field Effect Transistor(FET), Bipolar Junction Transistor(BJT) and Operational Amplifier(Op.Amp.) are controlled sources. Vacuum Triode, Tetrode, Pentode, Field Effect Transistor(FET) and Op.Amp. are Voltage Controlled Sources whereas BJT is Current Controlled Source. In Vacuum Tubes input voltage at the grid, in Common Source FET input voltage at the gate and in Op. Amp. differential voltage at the double ended input decide the output voltage/current. Hence Vacuum Tubes, FET and Op Amp are Voltage Controlled Sources. In case of BJT, input current flowing in the base of Common Emitter BJT decide the output electrical parameter hence BJT is Current Controlled Source. Now any Power Source can be represented as Voltage Source by drawing the Thevenin Equivalent Circuit of the given Power Source and as Current Source by drawing the Norton Equivalent Source. A source with large internal impedance or source impedance is drawn as a Current Source. When internal impedance is infinite then we have an Ideal Current Source. An Ideal Current Source is a Constant Current Source and it supplies constant terminal current irrespective of the terminal voltage. Similarly an Ideal Voltage Source has zero internal impedance. It gives Constant Terminal Voltage irrespective of load current. In real life we cannot have Ideal Voltage Source or Ideal Current Source. Any Voltage Source will have a finite and small internal impedance. Because of this as the terminal current increases, the terminal voltage starts drooping. This is called Regulation. In unregulated Power Supply there is considerable power droop with high load current as in our household power supplies. As a Tulu Pump is turned on, the house hold supply voltage drops and incandescent lamps are dimly lit. This is because of finite internal impedance of household supply. Since there are two power source representations such as Voltage Source and Current Source hence Controlled Sources are of four varieties: Voltage Controlled Voltage Source(VCCS)- Triode & Op.Amp; Voltage Controlled Current Source(VCCS)- Pentode and FET; Current Controlled Voltage Source(CCVS); Current Controlled Current Source(CCCS)- BJT; The incremental or small signal models of these four Controlled Sources are described.
Subject: Science and Technology
Keywords: Ideal Voltage Source, Thevenin Equivalent Circuit, incremental model.
License: Creative Commons Attribution License CC-BY 3.0
Authors: Bijay_Kumar Sharma (electronics@nitp.ac.in)
Copyright Holders: Bijay_Kumar Sharma (electronics@nitp.ac.in)
Maintainers: Bijay_Kumar Sharma (electronics@nitp.ac.in)
Latest version: 1.1 (history)
First publication date: Jul 13, 2009 11:42 pm -0500
Last revision to module: Jul 13, 2009 11:52 pm -0500

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Version: 1.1 Jul 13, 2009 11:52 pm -0500 by Bijay_Kumar Sharma
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Sharma B. Analog Electronics Lecture 1_Independent and Controlled Sources. [Connexions Web site]. July 13, 2009. Available at: http://cnx.org/content/m29189/1.1/.

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Sharma, B. (2009, July 13). Analog Electronics Lecture 1_Independent and Controlled Sources. Retrieved from the Connexions Web site: http://cnx.org/content/m29189/1.1/

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Sharma, Bijay_Kumar. "Analog Electronics Lecture 1_Independent and Controlled Sources." Connexions. July 13, 2009. http://cnx.org/content/m29189/1.1/.

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Bijay_Kumar Sharma, "Analog Electronics Lecture 1_Independent and Controlled Sources.," Connexions, July 13, 2009, http://cnx.org/content/m29189/1.1/.

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Sharma, B. 2009. Analog Electronics Lecture 1_Independent and Controlled Sources. Connexions, July 13, 2009. http://cnx.org/content/m29189/1.1/.

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Sharma, Bijay_Kumar. Analog Electronics Lecture 1_Independent and Controlled Sources.. Connexions. 13 July 2009 <http://cnx.org/content/m29189/1.1/>.