MATHEMATICS

Grade 4

WHOLE NUMBERS AND THEIR RELATIONSHIPS

Module 4

FINANCIAL PROBLEMS AND DRAWING UP A SIMPLE BUDGET

Activity:

To solve problems in context including economic and environmental issues such as: financial problems and drawing up a simple budget [LU 1.6]

1. MONEY MATTERS

In the Foundation Phase you discovered how many cents, 2-cents, 5-cents etc. there are in R1. Now see how clever you are!

Many shops do not use 1c pieces any longer.

2. SHOPPING FOR STATIONERY

Before school started at the beginning of the year, you had to do some shopping at the hypermarket. The prices of the different items are shown in the next frame.

2.1 How much in total would each child have had to pay the cashier if he/she had bought the following items:

2.2 How much did all the above children spend on stationary altogether?

3. MONEY IN SHOPS

3.1 In the large shops, the prices of items include cents. Cashiers, however, do not worry with one-cent and two-cent pieces. Cashiers always take your change up to the next 5c. Thus, if you should receive 17c change, you will be given 20c. Change is always “taken upwards”; this is not rounding off. Why do you think shops do this? Do shops lose much money because of this? Discuss this with your friends and then write down your answer.

3.2 Now pretend that you are working behind a till in a shop. The till tells you how much change you must give to each customer, but you must decide which notes and coins to give. You have to give the fewest notes and coins possible.

Now complete the table (the first one has been done for you):

3.3 Remember that it is the change is rounded off upwards, not the amount that the customer owes. If the change should be R78,76, what is the customer actually given?

4. AT SCHOOL: BELONGINGS: GROUP DISCUSSION AND PROBLEM SOLVING

The “Lost Property” box was full of equipment! The educator was tired of picking up the belongings that had been left on the floor and desks. She told the learners that, if nobody had claimed these belongings by the end of the week, she would give the most well-mannered learners a chance to choose 2 different items from the box and these would then be their property. For example, one combination might be a pencil and a ruler or a pencil and a sharpener or a glue stick and a pencil There was much excitement as the learners tried to decide which two items they would choose.

a. How many different combinations of 2 different items could they make if there were pencils, rulers, erasers, sharpeners, glue sticks and pairs of scissors in the box? Try to write down a systematic way of working out the answer. Then compare your method with that of a friend.

5. BUDGETS:

Should Grade 4 learners worry about a simple budget? Yes, they should become aware that it is necessary to plan concerning one’s money.

What is a budget? It’s a plan to show what money will come in, and what will be spent.

5.1 GROUP WORK: AN INVESTIGATION

How do I go about drawing up a budget? See the budget lay-out below. Discuss it and then fill in likely amounts.

BUDGET FOR A FAMILY OF FOUR PEOPLE FOR ONE MONTH

Take the “Total Spent” away from the “Total Income”. What’s left for a holiday or entertainment? (Now are you going to beg for another video and expensive “takkies”?)

PROJECT: BUDGETS: USE YOUR KNOWLEDGE

All the items mentioned in this project must be worked to the nearest whole rand. (So if Coke costs R15,99 you will call it R16.)

You and some friends are going to prepare the evening meal for Mother’s Day. There will be twelve people altogether at this meal. Your older sister says she will help you with the stove, and your father says that if you have a braai, he will see to the fire. You earn money to buy food for the meal. Altogether you have R150. Now you are going to draw up a budget or plan to show how you think you will spend the money.

a. First you need to decide whether you want to cook inside or have a braai. Look at the money! At the time of writing, twelve lamb chops and some sausage could easily cost R100. On the other hand, if you made savory mince or cottage pie or bobotie or spaghetti bolognaise, one and a half kg of mince would probably cost about R25. Now make a list of all the things you want to buy.

c. Now look at the advertisements of a local chain store in the paper, or visit a store and work out how much each item will cost. Also decide which is cheaper e.g. tins of Coke or bottles, and which size you want. Remember, you cannot spend more than your Income. Decide which items you simply must have.

Make a new list with the most important items first. Write down the amount and the cost of each item. (Maybe you would like to consult an older person.)

d. Now draw up your budget by filling in the table below. First write R150 under “ Actual Income”. That is all you have to spend! Now write down all the things that you want to buy under the heading, “Expenditure”. Start with the most important item. Write the total price of each item under the heading, “Cost in R”

BUDGET FOR A GRADE 4 BRAAI

Now remember to take the amount spent away from the “Income”. Is there enough

money for paper plates and cups?

Assessment

Memorandum

ACTIVITY

1. MONEY MATTERS

1.4 200 five-cent pieces1.5 2 000 five-cent pieces 1.6 10 ten-cent pieces 1.7 1 000 ten-cent pieces 1.8 2 fifty-cent pieces 1.9 20 fifty-cent pieces 1.10 40 fifty-cent pieces

2. SHOPPING FOR STATIONERY

2.1(a) R20 (b) R63 (c) R18 (d) R33 (e) R39 2.2 R173

3.1 It saves time; yes.

3.2

3.3 Remember, change is rounded off upwards, so if the change to be given is R78,76, the customer is given R78,80

4. AT SCHOOL

4.1 15

5. BUDGETS

5.1 GROUP WORK – AN INVESTIGATION - own answers

5.2 (a) own answer (b) own answer (c) own answer (d) own answer