Visualise and name 3-dimensional objects in the environment

VISUALISE AND NAME 3-DIMENSIONAL OBJECTS IN THE ENVIRONMENT Activity 1: To recognise, visualise and name 3-dimensional objects in the environment [LO 3.1] To describe, sort and compare them [LO 3.2] Prisms, rectangular prisms, spheres, cylinders, pyramids, and other objects are found all round us. 1. Study the following three-dimensional objects in order to learn their names and be able to recognize and name similar objects in the world around us:

2. Objects in the world around us: now try to draw and name the 3-D objects: Item Drawing Geometrical name of the object Cricket ball Cube of sugar (lump) Tin of dog-food

Ice-cream cone Box of matches Packet of cornflakes Triangular box of sweets

3. More shapes and objects. 3.1 Write each of the following solid objects under the correct geometrical heading: The sun; a string of spaghetti; a block of ice; an ordinary candle; the handle of a garden rake; a book; an orange; a brick; a block of margarine. Think of others and write them in the columns too, especially the columns that seem to be rather empty. 3.2 Compare your lists with those of your friends. If they have an item that you have not thought of, you may add it to your list. Sphere Cylinder Cube Cuboid (rectangular prism) Pyramid Cone

. Write the correct geometrical name next to each of the following: a block of flats the walls of a rondavel a wigwam/tepee the roof of a rondavel the stones at Stonehenge 5. Look at the objects again. How many surfaces are there? Are the surfaces flat or curved? What shape are the surfaces? Fill in the missing words to describe the objects: Object Number of surfaces Flat or curved surfaces Shape of surfaces A box of cornflakes A ball A cube of sugar A candle A pyramid Sides:Base:

Activity 2: To recognise, visualise and name 2-D shapes and 3-D objects in the environment [LO 3.1] To describe, sort and compare 2-D shapes and 3-D objects from the environment [LO 3.2] To make 2-D shapes, 3-D objects and patterns from tangrams [LO 3.5] Two-dimensional shapes are flat. We can draw them on a piece of paper. Polygons are all closed geometric shapes with straight sides. Polygons: Use your pencil and ruler to practise drawing these. 3 sides: Triangles

4 sides: Quadrilaterals

5 sides: Pentagons (when all the sides are equal in length, it is a regular pentagon; if they are different lengths, it is an irregular pentagon)

6 sides: Hexagons

7 sides: Heptagons

(Try to draw one regular heptagon.) 2. Circles 2.1 Circles are not polygons. Look at the circle below and compare it with the polygons that we have discussed:

Complete: The circle is not a polygon because __________________________ Now try to think of an example of each shape that we have considered, in your environment. Remember, they must all be flat because they are two-dimensional. In each shape below, fill in the road signs that you have seen in the world around you and on the way to school. 3.1 The Circle

3.2 The Triangle

3.3 The Square

3.4 The Rectangle

3.5 The Octogon

4. Cut out the TANGRAM on the next page. Cut out all the shapes in it. 4.1 Turn what’s left of the sheet of paper over. Put the tangram together again to form the original square without looking at the second tangram. Now turn the paper over again and see if you did it correctly. 4.2 Now use the shapes to make: a boat, a human figure, a dog, other things. 4.3 Show your friends what you have made and discuss what you and they have made. 4.4 Paste your best one on paper and use it to decorate the classroom. TANGRAMS FOR CUTTING OUT

5. Study the triangles in the table. Fill in the number of sides and angles (corners) in each triangle. Encircle the correct statement about the sides and the angles(corners) of each triangle. (Later you will learn to measure the corners; just now decide by just looking at them.) Triangle

Number of sides: …….. Length: all the same 2 the same none the same Number of angles:…….. Size of angles: all the same 2 the same none the same

Number of sides: …….. Length: all the same 2 the same none the same Number of angles:………. Size of angles: all the same 2 the same none the same

Number of sides: ……… Length: all the same 2 the same none the same Number of angles:……… Size of angles: all the same 2 the same none the same

Number of sides: …….. Length: all the same 2 the same none the same Number of angles:………. Size of angles: all the same 2 the same none the same

Number of sides:……… Length: all the same 2 the same none the same

Number of sides: ………. Length: all the same 2 the same none the same Number of angles:……… Size of angles: all the same 2 the same none the same 5.3 Use the squared paper on the rest of this page to make as many triangles with different shapes as you can.

6. You know a square and a rectangle. Here are some more QUADRILATERALS: You do NOT need to know their names.

6.1 Use the squared paper on the rest of the page to draw as many different quadrilaterals as you can. Begin with a square and a rectangle.

6.2 Compare their sides and angles and encircle the correct statements. Shape Sides Angles (corners) Rectangle Number of sides: ……………Length of sides:all equalopposite sides equalother (explain) Number of angles: …………...Size of angles:all equalopposite angles equalother (explain) Square Number of sides: ……………Length of sides:all equalopposite sides equalother (explain) Number of angles: …………...Size of angles:all equalopposite angles equalother (explain) Parallelogram Number of sides: ……………Length of sides:all equalopposite sides equalother (explain) Number of angles: …………...Size of angles:all equalopposite angles equalother (explain)

Shape Sides Angles (corners) Rhombus Number of sides: ……………Length of sides:all equalopposite sides equalother (explain) Number of angles: …………...Size of angles:all equalopposite angles equalother (explain) Trapezium Number of sides: ……………Length of sides:all equalopposite sides equalother (explain) Number of angles: …………...Size of angles:all equalopposite angles equalother (explain) Kite Number of sides: ……………Length of sides:all equalopposite sides equalother (explain) Number of angles: …………...Size of angles:all equalopposite angles equalother (explain)

6.3 Discuss with your friends: a) Is a square a special rectangle? b) Is a square a parallelogram? c) Is a rectangle a parallelogram? d) What is a quadrilateral? 8. Why is a circle not a polygon? 9. What is the geometrical name for these objects: 9.1

9.2

9.3 a golf ball 10 How many faces (surfaces) has a cube of sugar? 11. Describe in one word the surface of a sphere. 12. Choose the correct word and underline it: The surface of the sun is curved / flat. 13. How many surfaces has a tetrahedron (3-sided pyramid)?