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TECHNOLOGY
Grade 9
HYDRAULIC AND PNEUMATIC SYSTEMS
Module 13
TO BUILD A HYDRAULIC SYSTEM
Use the working drawing and build a model of a hydraulic system that is connected to a lever.
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You need:
1 x 10 mℓ plastic syringe
1 x 20 mℓ plastic syringe
plastic tube (length as necessary)
a long nail
corrugated cardboard (Remember all the principles of reinforcing.)
a pair of scissors, glue, masking tape, adhesive tape
PROJECT:
THE TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESS
[LO 1.1, 3.2]
Use your knowledge of structures and / or electronics and / or mechanisms and integrate it with your knowledge and experience of hydraulic or pneumatic systems to solve ONE of the problems presented in the following situations. The problem must be solved in terms of a TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESS and be presented in a PORTFOLIO.
For the PRACTICAL WORK a prototype (as inexpensive as possible) must be built. This prototype must be able to function.
Use the assessment scales / matrixes to make sure that you comply with the requirements of the process.
Situation I
Your neighbourhood is plagued by blowflies. The residents of the neighbourhood have been asked in a number of newspaper reports to help combat the problem by keeping their dirt-bins tightly closed. However, it is not as easy as it seems. Stray cats that force their way into the bins and leave them open, are only part of the problem. The other great cause for concern is that germs are spread by these flies.
One of the residents came to the conclusion that he would have to design something that would make it possible for him to open the dirt-bin from a distance, and that would also warn him when the lid is open.
Situation II
Physically disadvantaged people often find it quite difficult to open the doors in cloakrooms that have been specially provided for their use. Physically disadvantaged persons are usually only able to carry out a pushing motion using their hands, a walking-stick or the wheels of their wheel-chairs. This action must then enable them to open a door.
Situation III
Sticking stamps on an envelope can be very time-consuming and tiring when it is done on a large scale. A device that sticks the stamp and indicates that the task has been successfully completed, could solve the problem.
Steps of the Technological Problem that have to be followed:
1. SURVEY
1.1 ANALYSIS OF DESIGN PROPOSAL
Core of the problem
WHAT shall I do?
WHO will use it?
WHEN will it be used?
WHERE will it be used?
WHY will it be used?
[LO 1.1]
1.2 DESIGN PROPOSAL
Design and manufacture … what, for whom, where, why and when.
1.3 LIMITATIONS AND SPECIFICATIONS
Limitations: Requirements that limit the choice of solutions.
Specifications: Include limitations that are determined by the learner him- / herself. This is a list of factors that determine what the end product will look like and how it will function.
2. DEVELOPMENT OF IDEAS
2.1 RESEARCH
Research has to do with the skill of collecting data, noting it, analysing it and making decisions on the basis of the processed data.
Make a list of all the information that you need to develop your ideas.
Here are a few suggestions to help you:
STRUCTURES:
Materials that are available.
How can the materials be reinforced?
How are the different materials used?
ELECTRONICS
Which functions can be performed electronically?
Which electronic components are needed?
MECHANICAL SYSTEMS
Which mechanical advantage is required and how can you create it?
Surveys on the effect of different variables, e.g. gear ratios: conduct a study of gears of different sizes and determine the mechanical advantage.
PNEUMATIC AND HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS
What are the advantages and disadvantages of each system?
How easily can the system be combined with the structure or electronic system under consideration?
What function will the hydraulic or pneumatic system perform?
[LO 1.2, 1.3, 1.4]
2.2 DEVELOPING THREE IDEAS
Develop three ideas that could possibly offer solutions to the problem. The ideas must be creative and fall within the framework of the situation, limitations and specifications.
Present them graphically. All notes and captions must be supplied. A scale, 3-D sketches and shading are required.
[LO 1.5]
2.3 EVALUATING THE IDEAS
Evaluate the three above-mentioned ideas by referring to the situation, limitations and specifications.
Pay attention to the way in which the data are handled.
Present the data in the form of a table.
2.4 CHOICE AND MOTIVATION
Make an informed choice and give reasons for your choice.
Present the work in paragraphs.
[LO 1.6]
3. REALISATION
3.1 Draw a final design of the idea that has been selected.
3.2 Draw a flow diagram to indicate the order in which the final idea is to be constructed.
3.3 Provide a time schedule for the above-mentioned activities.
3.4 Make a list of the material and the tools that are needed.
3.5 Determine the cost by finding out how much material is required for the model, then find out the price of the material and submit a costing.
3.6 Draw very clear working drawings. All notes and captions must be supplied. 3-D sketches and shading are required.
3.7 Construct the prototype.
[LO 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 1.10, 1.12]
4. EVALUATION:
4.1 Comment fully on the design achievements of the prototype.
4.2 Discuss the shortcomings of the prototype.
4.3 Make recommendations for the improvement of the prototype and design.
[LO 1.3]
5. VALUES AND ATTITUDES
5.1 Discuss the advantages that such a device could have for the community.
5.2 Discuss the disadvantages that such a device could have for the environment. (Consider issues such as pollution.)
{LO 3.2]
Assessment
| Learning outcomes(LOs) |
| LO 1 |
| TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES AND SKILLSThe learner will be able to apply technological processes and skills ethically and responsibly using appropriate information and communication technology. |
| Assessment standards(ASs) |
| We know this when the learner: |
| investigates:1.1 identifies and explains a problem, need or opportunity from a real-life context, and investigates the context, the nature of the need, the environmental situation, and the people concerned; |
| 1.2 analyses existing products relevant to an identified problem, need or opportunity based on:safety;fitness for purpose;cost;manufacturing method; |
| 1.3 develops and performs practical testing procedures to determine or compare the suitability or fitness for purpose of relevant properties of materials, electrical or mechanical systems, structures, processes or finished products; |
| 1.4 uses a variety of available technologies and methods to:locate (e.g. use library referencing system, database searches, indexes);collect (e.g. questionnaires, data collection forms, requests for information, information, searches, literature surveys);compare;sort;verify;evaluate (e.g. cross-checking different sources or resources);store information (e.g. filing systems, indexes); |
| designs:1.5 writes or communicates a short and clear statement or a design brief for the development of a product or system related to a context, problem, need or opportunity that has been identified by self; |
| 1.6 lists product and design specifications and constraints for a solution based on all of the design key words listed below:purpose: function, what product will do;appearance and aesthetics: form, colour, shape, feel; |
| 1.7 generates a range of possible solutions that are significantly different from each other, and that show clear links to the design brief and the specifications and constraints; |
| 1.8 chooses possible solutions based on well-reasoned argument related to the specifications and personal options, develops a chosen idea using graphics; |
| makes:1.9 develops plans for making that include all of the following:resource lists;formal drawings showing dimensions or quantities;manufacturing sequence; |
| 1.10 chooses and uses appropriate tools and materials to make designed products with precision and control by measuring, marking, cutting or separating, shaping or forming, joining or combining, and finishing a range of materials accurately and efficiently; |
| 1.11 uses measuring and checking procedures while making to monitor quality and changes, and adapts designs in response to practical difficulties encountered when making products; |
| 1.12 demonstrates knowledge and understanding of safe working practices and efficient use of safe working practices and efficient use of materials and tools. |
| LO 2 |
| TECHNOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDINGThe learner will be able to understand and apply relevant technological knowledge ethically and responsibly. |
| We know this when the learner: |
| systems and control:2.3 demonstrates knowledge and understanding of interacting mechanical systems and sub-systems by practical analysis and represents them using systems diagrams:gear systemsbelt drive or pulley systems with more than one stage;mechanical control mechanisms (e.g. ratchet and pawl, cleats);pneumatic or hydraulic systems that use restrictorsone-way valves;systems where mechanical, electrical, or pneumatic or hydraulic systems are combined. |
| LO 3 |
| TECHNOLOGY, SOCIETY AND THE ENVIRONMENT The learner will be able to demonstrate an understanding of the interrelationships between science, technology and the environment. |
| We know this when the learner: |
| impact of Technology:3.2 recognises and identifies the impact of technological developments on the quality of people’s lives and on the environment in which they live, and suggests strategies for reducing and undesirable effects. |
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Last edited by Siyavula Uploaders on Aug 27, 2009 2:01 pm -0500.
