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Trends for the Oxides of the Group 13 Elements

Module by: Andrew R. Barron. E-mail the author

All of the Group 13 elements form a trivalent oxide (M2O3). The chemical properties of the oxides follow the trend acidic to basic going down the Group (Table 1). The physical properties are consistent with the electronegativities and covalent character in the M-O bonds. Thallium oxide is unique in that it decomposes above 100 °C to yield the thalium(I) oxide, Tl2O. The other oxides are all stable to high temperatures.

Table 1: Properties of the Group 13 oxides.
Oxide Color Chemical property Melting point (°C)
B2O3 White/colorless Weak acid 450 (trigonal), 510 (tetrahedral)
Al2O3 White/colorless Amphoteric 2072 (α)
Ga2O3 White/colorless Amphoteric 1900 (α), 1725 (β)
In2O3 Yellow Weakly basic 1910
Tl2O3 Brown-black Basic, oxidizing 100 (decomposes)

Bibliography

  • G. E. Jellison, Jr., L. W. Panek, P. J. Bray, and G. B. Rouse, Jr., J. Chem. Phys., 1977, 66, 802.

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