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Characteristic IR Vibrational Modes for Hydrocarbon Compounds

Module by: Andrew R. Barron. E-mail the author

Table 1: Stretching and bending bands for alkanes.
Functional group Mode Wavenumber range (cm-1)
CH3 Asymmetric stretch 2962±10
CH3 Symmetric stretch 2872±10
CH3 Asymmetric bend 1460±10
CH3 Symmetric bend (umbrella mode) 1375±10
CH2 Asymmetric stretch 2926±10
CH2 Symmetric stretch 2855±10
CH2 Scissors 1455±10
CH2 Rock 720±10
CH Stretch ∼2900 (weak)
CH Bend ∼1350 (weak)
Table 2: The stretching bands for alkenes.
Substitution C-H stretch (cm-1) C=C stretch (cm-1) Out of plane bend (cm -1 )
Vinyl 3090 – 3075 1660 - 1630 990±5, 910±5
Vinylidine 3090 – 3075 1660 - 1630 890±5
Cis 3050 – 3000 1660 - 1630 690±10
Trans 3050 – 3000 1680 - 1665 965±5
Tri-substituted 3050 – 3000 1680 - 1665 815±25
Tetra-substituted - 1680 - 1665 -
Table 3: The stretching bands for alkynes.
Substitution C-H stretch (cm-1) C≡C stretch (cm-1) C-H wag (cm-1)
Mono-substituted 3350 – 3250 2140 – 2100 700 - 600
Di-substituted - 2260 - 2190 -
Table 4: Bands for mono- and di-substituted benzene rings.
Substitution Out-of-plane C-H bending (cm-1) Ring bend (cm-1)
Mono 770 – 710 690±10
Ortho 810 - 750 -
Meta 770 - 735 690±10
Para 860 – 790 -
Table 5: Bands for methyl groups bonded to benzene rings.
Vibration Wavenmber (cm-1)
CH3 symmetric stretch 2925±5
CH3 bend overtone 2865±5

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