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Nitrogen III

Module by: E. Pennington. E-mail the author

Summary: Final exam for all Nitrogen lectures.

Table 1
1. Which of the following enzyme pairs works best at a pH ~7.0 to breakdown plants starches and glycogen into maltose, maltotriose and limit dextrins?
  1. Lingual & pancreatic lipase
  2. Lingual & pancreatic alpha-amylase
  3. Pancreatic lipase & colipase
  4. Intestinal dipeptidases & pancreatic trypsin
Table 2
2. Which of the following population groups has a greater risk of degrading and excreting more amino acids as a result of being in a negative nitrogen state?
  1. Developing children
  2. Adolescents
  3. Pregnant women
  4. Body builders
  5. Cancer patients

3. Which of the following would activate the 20S proteasome to begin protein degradation?

  1. Eating a meal
  2. Overnight fasting
  3. Proteasome inhibitors
  4. N-acetylglucosamine

4. Which of the following groups of enzymes are active under acidic conditions?

  1. Serine proteases and caspases
  2. Calpains and metalloproteinases
  3. Aspartate proteases and cathepsins
  4. Ubiquitin ligases and conjugating enzymes

5. Which of the following can be activated by viruses?

  1. Ubiquitin ligase
  2. Ubiquitin activating enzyme
  3. Ubiquitin conjugating enzyme
  4. Threonine proteases

6. Which of the following processes uses a cytosolic protein complex to move a single target protein inside the lysosomes?

  1. Macroautophagy
  2. Microautophagy
  3. Autophagosome
  4. Chaperone-mediated autophagy

7. Which of the following statements makes the “feed forward” regulation of the urea cycle unique?

  1. The more amino acids are degraded; the more NH4+ ions are formed.
  2. The rate of urea cycle increases as more amino acids are broken down.
  3. The synthesis of all the urea cycle enzymes increases despite normal levels.
  4. NH4+ ions are excreted in urine and carbon skeletons of amino acids are used for glucose synthesis.

8. Which of the following treatments can conjugate the amino acid glutamine?

  1. Phenylbutyrate
  2. Benzoic acid
  3. Low-protein diet
  4. Arginine therapy
  5. Ultrasound shock waves

9. Which of the following would activate the 20S proteasome to begin protein degradation?

  1. Eating a meal
  2. Overnight fasting
  3. Proteasome inhibitors
  4. N-acetylglucosamine
Table 3
10. Which of the following systems can break body’s proteins into single amino acids?
  1. A 19S cap with a 20S proteasome.
  2. A 19S cap, 20S proteasome and 11S cap
  3. A 20S proteasome with an 11S cap
  4. Lysosomal proteases
 
Table 4
11. Which of the following population groups has a greater risk of degrading and excreting more amino acids as a result of being in a negative nitrogen state?
  1. Developing children
  2. Adolescents
  3. Pregnant women
  4. Body builders
  5. Cancer patients

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