// is an abbreviation for /descendant-or-self::node()/. Thus with the expression //elementName you will find any element named elementName in the whole document tree.
The XPath expression lexical-unit/form[&lang='en'] selects form subnodes of lexical-units elements which have an attribute lang with the value of en.
../../@guid selects the attribute guid of the grandparent of the current node.







XPath lecture by Jennifer Widom
XSLT identity transform

"XPath is a small language to access XML documents."