An operator performs an action on what? Provide the name.

Answer 1

What do we call an operator that operates on only one operand?

Answer 2

What do we call an operator that operates on two operands?

Answer 3

Is the minus sign a unary or a binary operator, or both? Explain your answer.

Answer 4

Describe operator overloading.

Answer 5

True or false? Java programmers may overload operators.

Answer 6

Show the symbols used for the following operators in Java: assignment , not equal , addition , cast .

Answer 7

Are any operators automatically overloaded in Java? If so, identify one and describe its overloaded behavior.

Answer 8

What is the purpose of the cast operator?

Answer 9

True or false? The increment operator is a binary operator.

Answer 10

Show the symbol for the increment operator.

Answer 11

Describe the appearance and the behavior of the increment operator with both prefix and postfix notation. Show example, possibly incomplete, code fragments illustrating both notational forms.

Answer 12

Show the output that would be produced by the Java application in Listing 1 .

class incr01 { //define the controlling class
  public static void main(String[] args){ //define main
    int x = 5, X = 5, y = 5, Y = 5;
    System.out.println("x = " + x );
    System.out.println("X = " + X );
    System.out.println("x + X++ = " + (x + X++) );
    System.out.println("X = " + X );
    System.out.println();
    System.out.println("y = " + y );
    System.out.println("Y = " + Y );
    System.out.println("y + ++Y = " + (y + ++Y) );
    System.out.println("Y = " + Y );    
  }//end main
}//End incr01 class.  Note no semicolon required
//End Java application

Answer 13

True or false? Binary operators use outfix notation. If your answer is False, explain why.

Answer 14

In practice, what does it mean to say that an operator that has performed an action returns a value (or evaluates to a value) of a given type?

Answer 15

Show and describe at least five of the binary arithmetic operators supported by Java (Clarification: binary operators does not mean bitwise operators).

Answer 16

In addition to arithmetic addition, what is another use for the plus operator (+) ? Show an example code fragment to illustrate your answer. The code fragment need not be a complete statement.

Answer 17

When the plus operator (+) is used as a concatenation operator, what is the nature of its behavior if its left operand is of type String and its right operand is not of type String ? If the right operand is a variable that is not of type String , what is the impact of this behavior on that variable.

Answer 18

Show and describe four unary arithmetic operators supported by Java.

Answer 19

What is the type returned by relational operators in Java?

Answer 20

Show and describe six different relational operators supported by Java.

Answer 21

Show the output that would be produced by the Java application shown in Listing 2 .

class relat01 { //define the controlling class
  public static void main(String[] args){ //define main
    System.out.println("The relational 6<5 is " + (6<5 ));
    System.out.println("The relational 6>5 is " + (6>5 ));
  }//end main
}//End relat01 class.  Note no semicolon required
//End Java application

Answer 22

Show and describe three operators (frequently referred to as conditional or logical operators) that are often combined with relational operators to construct more complex expressions (often called conditional expressions) . Hint: The || operator returns true if either the left operand, the right operand, or both operands are true. What are the other two and how do they behave?

Answer 23

Describe the special behavior of the || operator in the following expression for the case where the value of the variable a is less than the value of the variable b .

(a < b) || (c < d)

Answer 24

Show the symbols used for the bitwise and operator and the bitwise inclusive or operator.

Answer 25

Show and describe seven operators in Java that perform actions on the operands one bit at a time (bitwise operators) .

Answer 26

True or false? In Java, the signed right shift operation populates the vacated bits with the zeros, while the left shift and the unsigned right shift populate the vacated bits with the sign bit. If your answer is False, explain why.

Answer 27

True or false? In a signed right-shift operation in Java, the bits shifted off the right end are lost. If your answer is False, explain why.

Answer 28

Using the symbols 1 and 0, construct a truth table showing the four possible combinations of 1 and 0. Using a 1 or a 0, show the result of the bitwise and operation on these four combinations of 1 and 0.

Answer 29

Using the symbols 1 and 0 construct a truth table showing the four possible combinations of 1 and 0. Using a 1 or a 0, show the result of the bitwise inclusive or operation on these four combinations of 1 and 0.

Answer 30

Using the symbols 1 and 0 construct a truth table showing the four possible combinations of 1 and 0. Using a 1 or a 0, show the result of the bitwise exclusive or operation on these four combinations of 1 and 0.

Answer 31

True or false? For the exclusive or , if the two bits are different, the result is a 1. If the two bits are the same, the result is a 0. If your answer is False, explain why.

Answer 32

Is the assignment operator a unary operator or a binary operator. Select one or the other.

Answer 33

True or false? In Java, when using the assignment operator, the value stored in memory and represented by the right operand is copied into the memory represented by the left operand. If your answer is False, explain why.

Answer 34

Show two of the shortcut assignment operators and explain how they behave by comparing them with the regular (non-shortcut) versions. Hint: the (^=) operator is a shortcut assignment operator.

Answer 35

Write a Java application that clearly illustrates the difference between the prefix and the postfix versions of the increment operator. Provide a termination message that displays your name.

Answer 36

Write a Java application that illustrates the use of the following relational operators:

< 
> 
<= 
>= 
== 
!=

Provide appropriate text in the output. Also provide a termination message with your name.

Answer 37

write a Java application that illustrates the use of the following logical or conditional operators:

&& 
|| 
!

Provide appropriate text in the output. Also provide a termination message with your name.

Answer 38

/*File SampProg09.java from module 22
Copyright 1997, R.G.Baldwin
Without reviewing the following solution, write a Java
application that illustrates the use of the following
logical or conditional operators:
  
&&  ||  !

Provide appropriate text in the output.  Also provide
a termination message with your name.
*********************************************************/
class SampProg09 { //define the controlling class
  public static void main(String[] args){ //define main
    System.out.println("true and true is " 
      + (true && true) );
    System.out.println("true and false is " 
      + (true && false) );

    System.out.println("true or true is " 
      + (true || true) );
    System.out.println("true or false is " 
      + (true || false) );
    System.out.println("false or false is " 
      + (false || false) );
    
    System.out.println("not true is " + (! true) );
    System.out.println("not false is " + (! false) );    

    System.out.println("Terminating, Dick Baldwin");
  }//end main
}//End SampProg09 class.  Note no semicolon required

Back to Question 38

/*File SampProg08.java from module 22
Copyright 1997, R.G.Baldwin
Without reviewing the following solution, write a Java
application that illustrates the use of the following
relational operators:
  
< > <= >= == !=

Provide appropriate text in the output.  Also provide
a termination message with your name.
*********************************************************/
class SampProg08 { //define the controlling class
  public static void main(String[] args){ //define main
    System.out.println("The relational 6<5 is " 
                                             + (6<5 ) );
    System.out.println("The relational 6>5 is " 
                                             + (6>5 ) );
    System.out.println("The relational 5>=5 is " 
                                            + (5>=5 ) );
    System.out.println("The relational 5<=5 is " 
                                            + (5<=5 ) );
    System.out.println("The relational 6==5 is " 
                                               + (6==5 ) );
    System.out.println("The relational 6!=5 is " 
                                               + (6!=5 ) );
    System.out.println("Terminating, Dick Baldwin");
  }//end main
}//End SampProg08 class.  Note no semicolon required

Back to Question 37

/*File SampProg07.java from module 22
Copyright 1997, R.G.Baldwin
Without reviewing the following solution, write a Java
application that clearly illustrates the difference between
the prefix and the postfix versions of the increment 
operator.

Provide a termination message that displays your name.
*********************************************************/
class SampProg07{
  static public void main(String[] args){
    int x = 3;
    int y = 3;
    int z = 10;
    System.out.println("Prefix version gives  " 
                                            + (z + ++x));
    System.out.println("Postfix version gives " 
                                            + (z + y++));
    System.out.println("Terminating, Dick Baldwin");
  }//end main
}//end class SampProg07

Back to Question 36

Java supports the following list of shortcut assignment operators. These operators allow you to perform an assignment and another operation with a single operator.

+= 
-= 
*= 
/= 
%= 
&= 
|= 
^= 
<<= 
>>= 
>>>=

For example, the two statements that follow perform the same operation.

The behavior of each of the shortcut assignment operators follows this same pattern.

Back to Question 35

True.

Back to Question 34

The assignment operator is a binary operator.

Back to Question 33

True.

Back to Question 32

The answer for the bitwise exclusive or is:

Back to Question 31

The answer for the bitwise inclusive or is:

Back to Question 30

The answer for the bitwise and is:

Back to Question 29

True: Bits shifted off the right end are lost.

Back to Question 28

False: In Java, the signed right shift operation populates the vacated bits with the sign bit, while the left shift and the unsigned right shift populate the vacated bits with zeros.

Back to Question 27

The following table shows the seven bitwise operators supported by Java.

Operator    Typical Use         Operation

 >>     OpLeft >> Dist      Shift bits of OpLeft right by
                            Dist bits (signed)
 ><     OpLeft << Dist      Shift bits of OpLeft left by 
                            Dist bits
 >>>    OpLeft >>> Dist     Shift bits of OpLeft right 
                            by Dist bits (unsigned)
 &      OpLeft & OpRight    Bitwise and of the two 
                            operands
 |      OpLeft | OpRight    Bitwise 

Back to Question 26

The bitwise and operator and the bitwise inclusive or operator are shown below.

& bitwise and
| bitwise inclusive or

Back to Question 25

An important characteristic of the behavior of the logical and operator and the logical or operator in Java is that the expressions containing them are evaluated from left to right. The evaluation of the expression is. terminated as soon as the result of evaluating the expression can be determined. For example, in the expression given in Question 24 , if the variable a is less than the variable b , there is no need to evaluate the right operand of the || operator to determine the value of the entire expression. Therefore, evaluation will terminate as soon as it is determined that a is less than b .

Back to Question 24

The following three logical or conditional operators are supported by Java.

Operator  Typical Use       Returns true if 
&&        Left && Right     Left and Right are both true
||        Left || Right     Either Left or Right is true 
!         ! Right           Right is false

Back to Question 23

This program produces the following output:

The relational 6<5 is false
The relational 6>5 is true

Back to Question 22

Java supports the following set of relational operators:

Operator    Returns true if   
   >        Left operand is greater than right operand 
   >=       Left operand is greater than or equal 
            to right operand
   <        Left operand is less than right operand  
   <=       Left operand is less than or equal 
            to right operand
   ==       Left operand is equal to right operand   
   !=       Left operand is not equal to right operand

Back to Question 21

Relational operators return the boolean type in Java.

Back to Question 20

Java supports the following four unary arithmetic operators.

Operator    Description                              
   +        Indicates a positive value               
   -        Negates, or changes algebraic sign       
   ++       Adds one to the operand, 
            both prefix and postfix
   --       Subtracts one from operand, 
            both prefix and postfix

Back to Question 19

The operator coerces the value of the right operand to a string representation for use in the expression only. If the right operand is a variable, the value stored in the variable is not modified in any way.

Back to Question 18

The plus operator (+) is also used to concatenate strings as in the following code fragment:

"MyVariable has a value of  " 
     + MyVariable + " in this program."

Back to Question 17

Java support various arithmetic operators on floating point and integer numbers. The following table lists five of the binary arithmetic operators supported by Java.

Operator    Description                              
   
   +        Adds its operands                        
   -        Subtracts the right operand from the left
            operand
   *        Multiplies the operands                  
   /        Divides the left operand by the right 
            operand 
   %        Remainder of dividing the left operand by
            the right operand

Back to Question 16

As a result of performing the specified action, an operator can be said to return a value (or evaluate to a value) of a given type. The type depends on the operator and the type of the operands. To evaluate to a value means that after the action is performed, the operator and its operands are effectively replaced in the expression by the value that is returned.

Back to Question 15

False: Binary operators use infix notation, which means that the operator appears between its operands.

Back to Question 14

The output from this Java application follows:

Back to Question 13

The increment operator may be used with both prefix and postfix notation. Basically, the increment operator causes the value of the variable to which it is applied to be increased by one.

With prefix notation, the operand appears to the right of the operator (++X) , while with postfix notation, the operand appears to the left of the operator (X++) .

The difference in behavior has to do with the point in the sequence of operations that the increment actually occurs.

With the prefix version, the variable is incremented before it is used to evaluate the larger overall expression in which it appears. With the postfix version, the variable is used to evaluate the larger overall expression and then the variable is incremented.

Back to Question 12

The symbol for the increment operator is two plus signs with no space between them (++).

Back to Question 11

False: The increment operator is a unary operator.

Back to Question 10

The cast operator is used to purposely convert from one type to another.

Back to Question 9

The plus sign (+) is automatically overloaded in Java. The plus sign can be used to perform arithmetic addition. It can also be used to concatenate strings. However, the plus sign does more than concatenate strings. It also performs a conversion to String type. When the plus sign is used to concatenate strings and one operand is a string, the other operand is automatically converted to a character string before being concatenated with the existing string.

Back to Question 8

The operators listed in order are:

where the cast operator is being used to cast to the type char .

Back to Question 7

Java does not support operator overloading by programmers.

Back to Question 6

For those languages that support it (such as C++) operator overloading means that the programmer can redefine the behavior of an operator with respect to objects of a new type defined by that program.

Back to Question 5

Both. As a binary operator, the minus sign causes its right operand to be subtracted from its left operand. As a unary operator, the minus sign causes the algebraic sign of the right operand to be changed.

Back to Question 4

An operator that operates on two operands is called a binary operator.

Back to Question 3

An operator that operates on only one operand is called a unary operator.

Back to Question 2

An operator performs an action on one or two operands.

Back to Question 1